Charge-screened nontopological solitons in a spontaneously broken U(1) gauge theory

Abstract

We construct, numerically, stationary and spherically symmetric nontopological soliton solutions in the system composed of a complex scalar field, a U(1) gauge field, and a complex Higgs scalar field that causes spontaneous symmetry braking. It is shown that the charge of the soliton is screened by counter charge everywhere. * Electronic address: ishihara@sci.osaka-cu.ac.jp † Electronic address: taogawa@sci.osaka-cu.ac.jp 1 Potentials inspired by the super symmetric theories also allowed the nontopological soliton solutions [3,4].

Nontopological solitons in Abelian gauge theories coupled to U(1)×U(1) symmetric scalar fields

“…Following Refs. [18][19][20], we shall consider an Abelian Higgs model containing two charged, complex scalar fields with an action given by…”

“…It is convenient to gauge transform (7) to a simpler form where one of the scalars is time independent, leading to the ansatz also employed in Refs. [19,20]:…”

“…In Refs. [19,20], this observation has been tested on Q-balls in an Abelian Higgs model coupled to another charged, massive scalar field whose mass is provided by the Higgs mechanism. We note that coupling the scalars this way is analogous to the much studied Higgs portal models [21,22] where a scalar dark sector is coupled exclusively to the Higgs fields of the Standard Model of particle physics.…”

“…In the present paper, we extend the results of Refs. [19,20] to the case of the most general Uð1Þ × Uð1Þ symmetric scalar sector with quartic self-interaction potentials. We show that the remarkably precise numerically observed cancellation of the charge contribution between the two charged scalar fields pointed out in Refs.…”

“…We show that the remarkably precise numerically observed cancellation of the charge contribution between the two charged scalar fields pointed out in Refs. [19,20] follows from Gauss's theorem. It can therefore serve as an excellent test for the correctness of the numerical computations.…”