Charge transfer during multiple large ice crystal interactions with a riming target

Keith, W. D.; Saunders, C. P. R.

doi:10.1029/jd094id11p13103

Cited by 48 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Laboratory experiments (Jayaratne et al 1983; rium-charge-transfer value, resulting, on balance, in a very inefficient charge transfer mechanism. Saunders et al 1985;Baker et al 1987;Keith and Saunders 1989) indicate that the electrification Several idealizations are involved in this last conclusion. Most significant among them is the validity of Hertz contact of colliding particles in thunderstorms results from subtle thermoelectric and electrochemical effects that are highly theory as a model of the collisions.…”

Section: ϫ3mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The maximum particle size characteristic of typical model (Keith and Saunders 1989;Jayaratne et al 1983).…”

Section: Particle Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We compute, in a simplified manner, adequate to the present purpose, a self-consiscollisions between small nebular bodies in the presence of significant gas; there is also doubt about the efficiency of tent particle-size distribution, consider the physical processes of charge transfer, and compute the temporal collisions producing chondrule-like objects (Taylor et al 1983). The magnetic flare mechanism does not easily ac-development of the electric field, accounting realistically for both electrostatic and other charge-transfer processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Possibility of Lightning in the Protosolar Nebula

Gibbard

Levy

Morfill

1997

Icarus

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Section: ϫ3mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The maximum particle size characteristic of typical model (Keith and Saunders 1989;Jayaratne et al 1983).…”

Section: Particle Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Possibility of Lightning in the Protosolar Nebula

Gibbard

Levy

Morfill

1997

Icarus

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“…As discussed by Solomon (1997), EMTM uses the following expressions forK cc (d, D) and for ∂Q g (d, D), respectively, taken from Gillespie (1975) and from Keith and Saunders (1989):…”

Section: The Emtm Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a cloud electrification model to study relationships between lightning activity and cloud microphysical structure

Formenton

Panegrossi

Casella

et al. 2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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In this study a one-dimensional numerical cloud electrification model, called the Explicit Microphysics Thunderstorm Model (EMTM), is used to find quantitative relationships between the simulated electrical activity and microphysical properties in convective clouds. The model, based on an explicit microphysics scheme coupled to an ice–ice noninductive electrification scheme, allows us to interpret the connection of cloud microphysical structure with charge density distribution within the cloud, and to study the full evolution of the lightning activity (intracloud and cloud-to-ground) in relation to different environmental conditions. Thus, we apply the model to a series of different case studies over continental Europe and the Mediterranean region. We first compare, for selected case studies, the simulated lightning activity with the data provided by the ground-based Lightning Detection Network (LINET) in order to verify the reliability of the model and its limitations, and to assess its ability to reproduce electrical activity consistent with the observations. Then, using all simulations, we find a correlation between some key microphysical properties and cloud electrification, and derive quantitative relationships relating simulated flash rates to minimum thresholds of graupel mass content and updrafts. Finally, we provide outlooks on the use of such relationships and comments on the future development of this study

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“…The magnitudes Norville et al [1991] developed a simple numerical model to examine the NI charging process using the July 19, 1981, Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment (CCOPE) case, the same case used in the present study. Their model was a one and one-half-dimensional, time-dependent cloud model and included the Keith and Saunders [1989] laboratory results for electrification. Their two-step model involved first running a simulation using bulk-water microphysics coupled with dynamics to produce temperature and vertical velocity fields using a cloud model by Taylor [ 1989].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An examination of thunderstorm‐charging mechanisms using a two‐dimensional storm electrification model

Helsdon¹,

Wojcik²,

Farley³

2001

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. The early, prelightning, electrification of a storm resulting from noninductive (NI) charging involving graupel, cloud ice/snow, and supercooled cloud water in a riming environment is studied using a comparative approach in a two-dimensional storm electrification model. The primary schemes examined are NI charge transfers based on the laboratory work of Takahashi [1978] and Saunders et al. [1991 ]. The NI mechanism, based on Takahashi's work, develops a positive dipole (positive charge above negative) and electric fields approaching 185 kV m-'as the cloud enters the dissipating stage. Charge transfers, based on the work of Saunders and colleagues, had to be reduced in magnitude to produce electrification that is consistent with the observations. In addition, the Saunders scheme produces an initially inverted dipole (negative charge above positive) which resolves to a positive dipole in the latter part of the simulation and produces electric fields approaching 250 kV in '•. Sensitivity tests show that the NI scheme, based on Takahashi's work, is sensitive to the number concentration of ice crystals, whereas the Saunders-based scheme is much less sensitive to ice crystal numbers. The Saunders parameterization has strong positive charging of graupel at low effective liquid water content and low temperature. This positive charging can result in an unusual cloud-top charge structure when used at full value but is benign when the charging is reduced in magnitude. The charge structure resulting from the Saunders scheme is quite sensitive to the calculation of the effective water content, which determines the level of charge reversal. Both of the NI schemes are capable of producing electrification that approaches thunderstorm levels.

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Charge transfer during multiple large ice crystal interactions with a riming target

Cited by 48 publications

References 7 publications

On the Possibility of Lightning in the Protosolar Nebula

On the Possibility of Lightning in the Protosolar Nebula

Using a cloud electrification model to study relationships between lightning activity and cloud microphysical structure

An examination of thunderstorm‐charging mechanisms using a two‐dimensional storm electrification model

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