Charge transport and photogeneration in molecularly doped polymers

Mort, J.; Pfister, G.; Grammatica, S.

doi:10.1016/0038-1098(76)91762-2

Cited by 115 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The above-described results and discussion indicate that the vinyl backbones of polymers do not only fix carbazolyl chromophores in space, as reported by Mort et al, 12 but also disturb the certain chromophore motions which promote hole transport. The latter is a kind of negative polymer effect.…”

Section: Polymer Effects On Hole Dr(ft Mobilitysupporting

confidence: 51%

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Hole Transport in Amorphous Films of Poly(N-vinylcarbazole), Copolymers of N-Vinylcarbazole with Styrene, Polystyrene Molecularly-Doped with N-Isopropylcarbazole, and 1,3-Di(N-carbazolyl)propane

Itaya

Okamoto

Kusabayashi

1985

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:The hole drift mobility in amorphous films of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) prepared by the radical and cationic polymerizations (abbreviated as PVCz(r) and PVCz(c), respectively), copolymers of N-vinylcarbazole with styrene (VCz-St), polystyrene molecularly-doped with Nisopropylcarbazole (IPCz-PSt). and 1,3-di(N-carbazolyl)propane (DCzP(a)) was investigated by the time-of-flight method. The electric field and temperature dependence of the mobility of all the materials fitted the Gill's empirical equation. The mobility of PVCz(r) was larger than that of PVCz(c) by a factor of ca.By heat-treatment at a temperature above the glass transition temperature, PVCz(r) film was crystallized and its mobility increased by a factor of ca. 5. The thermal-crystallization of PVCz(c) film was much more difficult than that of PVCz(r) film and the mobility of PVCz(c) film hardly changed with heat-treatment. These significant differences between PVCz(r) and PVCz(c) seem to be attributable to the difference in their tacticity. The mobility of PVCz(r) increased about twice as much with an increase in the sequence length of VCz chain from 20 to 200, while the mobility ofPVCz(c) was independent of it. This may be qualitatively explained by the existence of the chain-end vinyl group in PVCz(r). Under usual conditions (T=296 K, E= 1.6 x 10 5 V em -•). the mobility of low molecular-weight compounds (DCzP(a) and IPCz-PSt) was larger than that of polymeric compounds (PVCz and VCz-St). Using the results of a comparison of the values of parameters in the Gill's equation for these films, this was explained by a negative polymer effect due to the higher value of T0 .

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Section: Polymer Effects On Hole Dr(ft Mobilitysupporting

confidence: 51%

“…This figure includes both PVCz-TNF charge transfer complex 2 and IPCz-PC systems. 12 Under usual conditions ( T = 296 K, E = 1. 6 x I 0 5 V em_,), the mobility of low molecular-weight compounds \DCzP(a) and IPCz-PSt) was larger than that of polymeric compounds Table II.…”

Section: Effects Of the Sequence Length Of Vcz Chain Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hole Transport in Amorphous Films of Poly(N-vinylcarbazole), Copolymers of N-Vinylcarbazole with Styrene, Polystyrene Molecularly-Doped with N-Isopropylcarbazole, and 1,3-Di(N-carbazolyl)propane

Itaya

Okamoto

Kusabayashi

1985

Polym J

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“…Starting with studies by Borsenberger et al in the early 1980s, an observation of flat plateaus on room temperature TOF transients became rather common [1], in contrast to early work [25] in which dispersive transients in a typical MDP had been observed that could not be analyzed using a linear current-time representation. In this situation, attempts to apply the CDE for analyzing TOF transients were inevitable, particularly since it was believed that the appearance of a flat plateau following a short initial spike signaled the rapid thermal equilibration of charge carriers to lower energy transport sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-dispersive carrier transport in molecularly doped polymers and the convection–diffusion equation

2015

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“…Similar behaviour has previously been reported for DEH doped polycarbonate films [13] with the μ0 reduction being attributed to the progressive reduction of available hopping states in the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the DEH molecule. Dilution of HOMO states results in an increase in the average hole hopping distance (ρ) and a diminished wavefunction overlap probability so that for a characteristic DEH localisation length (ρ0) [6,18]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trap Generation Dynamics in Photo-Oxidised DEH Doped Polymers

Goldie¹

2015

Coatings

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A series of polyester films doped with a hole transport molecule, p-diethylaminobenzaldehyde-1,1'-diphenylhydrazone (DEH), have been systematically exposed to ultraviolet radiation with a peak wavelength of about 375 nm. The electronic performance of the films, evaluated using time-of-flight and space-charge current injection methods, is observed to continuously degrade with increasing ultraviolet exposure. The degradation is attributed to photo cyclic oxidation of DEH that results in the creation of indazole (IND) molecules which function as bulk hole traps. A proposed model for the generation dynamics of the IND traps is capable of describing both the reduction in current injection and the associated time-of-flight hole mobility provided around 1% of the DEH population produce highly reactive photo-excited states which are completely converted to indazole during the UV exposure period. The rapid reaction of these states is incompatible with bulk oxygen diffusion-reaction kinetics within the films and is attributed to the creation of excited states within the reaction radius of soluble oxygen. It is suggested that encapsulation strategies to preserve the electronic integrity of the films should accordingly focus upon limiting the critical supply of oxygen for photo cyclic reaction.

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Charge transport and photogeneration in molecularly doped polymers

Cited by 115 publications

References 9 publications

Hole Transport in Amorphous Films of Poly(N-vinylcarbazole), Copolymers of N-Vinylcarbazole with Styrene, Polystyrene Molecularly-Doped with N-Isopropylcarbazole, and 1,3-Di(N-carbazolyl)propane

Hole Transport in Amorphous Films of Poly(N-vinylcarbazole), Copolymers of N-Vinylcarbazole with Styrene, Polystyrene Molecularly-Doped with N-Isopropylcarbazole, and 1,3-Di(N-carbazolyl)propane

Non-dispersive carrier transport in molecularly doped polymers and the convection–diffusion equation

Trap Generation Dynamics in Photo-Oxidised DEH Doped Polymers

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