Charge transport modelling in electron-beam irradiated dielectrics: a model for polyethylene

Roy, Séverine Le; Baudoin, F.; Griseri, V.; Laurent, Christian; Teyssèdre, G.

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/43/31/315402

Cited by 46 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, the obtained recombination results are comparable with the literature (Le Roy et al , 2004; Doedens et al , 2020), ranging between 5 × 10 −3 and 5 × 10 −2 for fields ranging between 20 and 60 kV/mm.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In addition to the experimental observations currently available for low-density polyethylene (LDPE), numerical models can significantly help to better understand the dynamic behavior of space charge inside this dielectric. For this purpose, a numerical model has been developed (Le Roy et al , 2004), aiming to describe the mechanisms of charge generation and transport in LDPE under DC stress. The model is based on Poisson’s equation and the conservation law of charges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refining the physical description of charge trapping and detrapping in a transport model for dielectrics using an optimization algorithm

Hallak,

Baudoin,

Griseri

et al. 2023

COMPEL

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to optimize and improve a bipolar charge transport (BCT) model used to simulate charge dynamics in insulating polymer materials, specifically low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Design/methodology/approach An optimization algorithm is applied to optimize the BCT model by comparing the model outputs with experimental data obtained using two kinds of measurements: space charge distribution using the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method and current measurements in nonstationary conditions. Findings The study provides an optimal set of parameters that offers a good correlation between model outputs and several experiments conducted under varying applied fields. The study evaluates the quantity of charges remaining inside the dielectric even after 24 h of short circuit. Moreover, the effects of increasing the electric field on charge trapping and detrapping rates are addressed. Research limitations/implications This study only examined experiments with different applied electric fields, and thus the obtained parameters may not suit the experimental outputs if the experimental temperature varies. Further improvement may be achieved by introducing additional experiments or another source of measurements. Originality/value This work provides a unique set of optimal parameters that best match both current and charge density measurements for a BCT model in LDPE and demonstrates the use of trust region reflective algorithm for parameter optimization. The study also attempts to evaluate the equations used to describe charge trapping and detrapping phenomena, providing a deeper understanding of the physics behind the model.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining the physical description of charge trapping and detrapping in a transport model for dielectrics using an optimization algorithm

Hallak,

Baudoin,

Griseri

et al. 2023

COMPEL

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show abstract

“…Instead of directly setting up the “recombination rate” to describe the charge neutralization process by some researchers, [ 247,252,254 ] Le Roy et al. [ 260 ] defined the recombination rate as a function of the mobility following the Langevin relations [ 261,262 ]

\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{S_{{{\rm{i}}_1} - {{\rm{i}}_2}}} = \frac{{{\mu _{{{\rm{i}}_1}}} + {\mu _{{{\rm{i}}_2}}}}}{{{\varepsilon _0}{\varepsilon _{\rm{r}}}}}}\end{array}

where S i1‐i2 is the ratio of recombination between two carriers (among free electrons (fe), free holes (fh), trapped electrons (te), and trapped holes (th)). The mobility was set to zero for trapped carriers.…”

Section: Space Charge Simulation: From Macroscale To Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

Space Charge Behavior in Epoxy‐Based Dielectrics: Progress and Perspective

Liu

Xie

et al. 2022

Adv Elect Materials

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temperature and complex electric field conditions. [1][2][3] Epoxy resin (EP) is a class of polymer oligomers containing two or more epoxide groups based on organic compounds (e.g., aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic). As a prepolymer, EP shows excellent performance after its reaction with a curing agent to form an insoluble polymer with a 3D network structure. EP has desirable insulating characteristics, [4][5][6][7] heat resistance, [8] high mechanical strength, [9] low shrinkage, [10] chemical stability, and adhesive properties, which originate from its compact structure and tunable functional groups. The above mentioned outstanding performances, along with characteristics of easy processing and formula design flexibility, enable the extensive use of EP-based materials in power equipment and electronic devices [11] (Figure 1), including bar insulation and impregnating varnish in transformers, main insulation in dry-type bushings and wall bushings, insulator in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) and gas-insulated transmission line (GIL), epoxy molding compound for integrated circuit (IC) packaging. It is noteworthy that EPs typically possess lower glass transition temperature (T g ) compared to other high-T g dielectric polymer substitutes used in microelectronic systems such as benzocyclobutene, [12] polyimide (PI), [13] and maleimide. [14] Besides high T g , high thermal conductivity and low coefficient of thermal expansion of EPs are always desired for their industrial applications, especially from an electronic packaging perspective. To date, considerable efforts have been made to improve the heat endurance and heat dissipation capabilities of EP-based dielectric materials by inorganic particle doping [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and chemical modification. [25][26][27] Furthermore, EP is also an indispensable adhesive that is extensively used in power equipment. [28][29][30][31][32] Yet, potential reliability hazards may exist during the operation of power equipment and electronic devices, especially at high temperatures and under high voltage direct current (HVDC) application, one of which is the space charge accumulation in EP-based dielectric materials. [29,30,33,34] The accumulated space charge may cause deterioration/aging and even partial discharge or dielectric breakdown of dielectric materials. [35][36][37][38][39][40] Specifically, the extensive application of EP-based dielectric materials in HVDC transmission projects eagerly calls for relevant studies on the space charge behavior Epoxy-based dielectrics are extensively used in grid-connected energy systems and modern microelectronics as electrical insulation, adhesive, and packaging components. However, space charge accumulation in epoxy-based dielectrics is a foremost factor threatening device stability and lifespan, especially under conditions of high voltage direct current and high temperatures during long-term operation, and thus are investigated systematically. This article reviews the state-of-the-art progress in understanding and r...

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“…According to Equation ( 8), the Q tsd increases from 8.52 nC of PEI to 18.6 nC of PEI-BTO_nfs and 50.5 nC of PEI-BNBTO_nfs with 3 vol%, indicating larger trap site density of PEI-BNBTO_nfs nanocomposite. To better visualize the effect of trapping characteristics on the charge transfer process in the nanocomposites, the charge transport characteristics were simulated by the phase-field method based on a bipolar charge transport model [52,53]. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanofiber-reinforced polymer nanocomposite with hierarchical interfaces for high-temperature dielectric energy storage applications

et al. 2023

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Flexible polymer nanocomposites reinforced by high-dielectric-constant ceramic nanofillers have shown great potential for dielectric energy storage applications in advanced electronic and electrical systems. However, it remains a challenge to improve their energy density and energy efficiency at high temperatures above 150°C. Here, we report a nanofiber-reinforced polyetherimide nanocomposite employing BN-BaTiO 3 heterogeneous nanofibers as fillers, where the BN nanoparticles were embedded inside BaTiO 3 nanofibers to create BN/BaTiO 3 /PEI hierarchical interfaces. The high dielectric constant and the geometric large aspect ratio of the BN-BaTiO 3 heterogeneous nanofibers lead to simultaneously increased dielectric constant and breakdown strength of the nanocomposite over a broad temperature range. In particular, the emerging hierarchical BN/BaTiO 3 /PEI interfaces enable promoted density and energy level of traps for the mobile charges, which further suppresses the conduction loss and improves the breakdown strength under high temperatures, as confirmed by a combination of thermally stimulated depolarization current measurement and phase-field simulation.Finally, the nanocomposite with hierarchical interfaces boosts an ultrahigh energy density of 5.23 J cm −3 with an energy efficiency of > 90% at 150°C, which is the highest energy density reported so far in nanofiber-reinforced polymer nanocomposites and also outperforms most nanocomposites counterparts dispersed with nanoparticles and nanosheets. Our work demonstrates hierarchical interface engineering as an effective strategy to promote the high-temperature energy storage performance of fiber-reinforced polymer nanocomposites, which is of significance for their applications in high-temperature harsh conditions.

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Charge transport modelling in electron-beam irradiated dielectrics: a model for polyethylene

Cited by 46 publications

References 21 publications

Refining the physical description of charge trapping and detrapping in a transport model for dielectrics using an optimization algorithm

Refining the physical description of charge trapping and detrapping in a transport model for dielectrics using an optimization algorithm

Space Charge Behavior in Epoxy‐Based Dielectrics: Progress and Perspective

Nanofiber-reinforced polymer nanocomposite with hierarchical interfaces for high-temperature dielectric energy storage applications

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