Charged particle formation by the ionization of air containing sulfur dioxide

Nagato, Kenkichi

doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2009.02.025

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…According to ion-induced nucleation (IIN) theory [27,28], during migration, some ions collide with water molecules or clusters, and act as condensation nuclei, inducing water vapor molecules to condense on them. This lasts until bulk water forms in which water molecules encapsulate ions by hydrogen shell to shield the electric field of ions [29], due to the polarity of water molecules.…”

Section: Ion-induced Nucleation and Condensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density enhancement of nano-sized and submicron-sized water droplets induced by charges released from corona discharge

Wang¹,

Li²,

Zhang³

et al. 2020

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Corona discharge is widely used as an ionization source in field experiments of weather modification induced by charged particles due to its high efficiency and economy. However, deficient research efforts have been devoted to the effects of corona discharge on the size distribution and evolution of droplets in the humid air. In this paper, the characteristic of water droplets spectrum evolution in humid air with unipolar corona discharge is studied by an electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI) experiment in a 96 m 3 cloud chamber. Results show that nano-sized water droplets with diameters from 9 nm to 25 nm grow rapidly because of the inducement of charges released from corona discharge. Additionally, an increase in the concentration of submicron droplets appears at 20 min. To reveal the potential mechanism of the phenomena, the average charge values of charged droplets measured by ELPI are further analyzed. Meanwhile, the relationship between saturated vapor pressure over charged droplet's surface and its radius is discussed by the modified Kelvin-Thomson equation. Results show that, for the density enhancement of nano-sized droplets, condensational growth induced by charges released from corona discharge dominates significantly. The subsequent increase in the density of submicron-sized droplets is regarded as the break-up of the micron-sized droplets, with the process of evaporation when droplets are approaching the Rayleigh limit in the sub-saturated environment. This research may bring some new perspectives to further study of weather modification and cloud-seeding induced by charged particles, such as by increasing condensed nuclei density, broadening cloud droplets spectrum, and suppressing the evaporation of cloud droplets, etc.

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Section: Ion-induced Nucleation and Condensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density enhancement of nano-sized and submicron-sized water droplets induced by charges released from corona discharge

Wang¹,

Li²,

Zhang³

et al. 2020

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…28 In our previous experiments of corona discharge in air containing SO 2 , we observed this ion along with SO 5 − . 25 Because the peaks of these two ions varied coincidentally depending on the H 2 O concentration and ion reaction time, we tentatively assigned this ion to be SO 5 − NO 2 . This assignment does not seem to be in conflict with the daughter ions which Eisele and Tanner obtained by MS/MS analysis of the m/z 158 ion.…”

Section: B Ion Measurementmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The details of the mass spectrometer have been described previously. [23][24][25] Positive or negative ions generated by a FIG. 2.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that SO 5 − can be formed by ionization in air containing SO 2 . 25,33,34 The reactions of SO 2 with O 3 − and CO 3 − lead to SO 3 − , which subsequently reacts with O 2 to form SO 5 − . Recently, SO 5 − has been observed in the natural ion mass spectra obtained in a boreal forest as a common sulfur-based negative ion.…”

Section: B Ion Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental study of particle formation by ion–ion recombination

Nagato

Nakauchi

2014

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Particle formation by ion-ion recombination has been studied using an ion-ion recombination drift tube (IIR-DT). IIR-DT uses two DC corona ionizers to produce positive and negative ions at the ends of the drift tube. The ions of different polarity move in opposite directions along the electric field in the drift tube. We observed significant particle formation using ions generated in purified air containing H2O, SO2, and NH3. Particle formation was suppressed when no drift field was applied. We also observed few particles when we used a single discharge (positive or negative only). These results clearly show that particle formation observed in the IIR-DT was caused by nucleation by ion-ion recombination. Positive and negative ion species produced by corona ionizers were investigated using an atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer. The ions involved in the particle formation were suggested to include H3O(+)(H2O)n and NH4(+)(H2O)n for positive ions and sulfur-based ions such as SO5(-), SO5(-)NO2, and HSO4(-) for negative ions.

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“…Figure 2 shows SO2 consumption versus the proton-beam current. As a result of fitting the data points using a power function, it is found that the SO2 consumption is not proportional to It is known that ionization processes cause the reaction of SO2+O3 -→SO3 -+O2 in air containing SO2 [17,26,27]. Enghoff et al [13] also indicated that this reaction is important in sulfuric acid production from SO2 induced by ionizing processes without photochemical reactions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation of SO2 and formation of water droplets under irradiation of 20 MeV protons in N2/H2O/SO2

Tomita

Nakai

Funada

et al. 2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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We have performed an experiment on charged droplet formation in a humidified N2 gas with trace SO2 concentrations and induced by 20 MeV proton irradiation. It is thought that SO2 reacts with the chemical species, such as OH radicals, generated through the reactions triggered by N2 + production. Both droplet number and droplet size increased with SO2 consumption for the proton irradiation. The total charged droplet numbers entering the differential mobility analyzer per unit time were proportional to the 0.68 power of the SO2 consumption. These two findings suggest that coagulation among the small droplets contributes to the formation of the droplets. The charged droplet volume detected per unit time is proportional to the SO2 consumption, which indicates that a constant amount of sulfur atoms is contained in a unit volume of droplet, regardless of different droplet-size distributions depending on the SO2 consumption.

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Charged particle formation by the ionization of air containing sulfur dioxide

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Density enhancement of nano-sized and submicron-sized water droplets induced by charges released from corona discharge

Density enhancement of nano-sized and submicron-sized water droplets induced by charges released from corona discharge

Experimental study of particle formation by ion–ion recombination

Oxidation of SO2 and formation of water droplets under irradiation of 20 MeV protons in N2/H2O/SO2

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