Charged Surfaces and Interfacial Ions

Defining reactive sites on hydrated mineral surfaces: Rhombohedral carbonate minerals

“…Their relative simplicity and capacity to incorporate fundamental concepts of thermodynamics, crystallography, and inorganic and colloid chemistry make them suitable tools for the description of the adsorptive properties of minerals under a wide range of chemical conditions. Nevertheless, despite the success and refinements achieved by many of these models, many shortcomings remain to be addressed before their applicability to natural systems and their validation at the molecular level can be established (e.g., Westall and Hohl, 1980;Goldberg, 1991;Sahai and Sverjensky, 1997;Kallay and Ž alac, 2000;Zuyi 0016-7037/$ -see front matter Ó 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.…”

Stability of Nanodispersions: A Model for Kinetics of Aggregation of Nanoparticles

“…Recently, more sophisticated models were elaborated (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). In most of the cases the theory of Colloid Stability explains the experimental data, especially if the correct values of the electrostatic surface potentials, as obtained from the Surface Complexation model (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), are used (20)(21)(22). However, small particles, with sizes below 10 nm (called nanoparticles), generally do not show electrostatic stabilization.…”

Charging Phenomena at the Metal Oxide–Liquid Metal Interfaces and Determination of Excess Electron Density of Metal Oxide–Mercury Systems by the Induced emf Method

“…Since ω = 2π R with R being the rotation velocity (rps), the magnetic flux becomes φ B = Kρ R, [2] where K = πµ 0 n Ae(r 2 0 − r 2 i )L. The induced emf in the solenoid follows from Faraday's law, ε = −N dφ B /dt in which N is the number of turns of the solenoid. If we ignore the minus sign, the magnitude of average emf(V ) becomes…”

“…The surface charges acquire an equivalent amount of opposite charges and those will be distributed in the aqueous phase next to the solid, giving rise to a diffuse electrical double layer. Many models relevant to a electrical double layer and adsorption have been proposed to account for experimental observations (1,2). A rigorous mathematical analysis of a surface charge density-surface potential relationship was presented by Ohshima (3).…”