“…In the selected articles, metaheuristic algorithms are widely used to solve the CSLP problems because of four major reasons: (1) considering combinatorial optimization problems, a global optimal solution is impossible (Ning et al , 2019; Said and El-Rayes, 2013a) or cannot be found at a reasonable cost (e.g. computational time) (Benjaoran and Peansupap, 2019; Farmakis and Chassiakos, 2018; Kaveh et al , 2018a; Razavialavi and Abourizk, 2017a; Li et al , 2015; Xu and Song, 2015; Kalmár et al , 2014); (2) more objectives and constraints should be considered for congested construction sites and large-scale projects (Kumar and Cheng, 2015; Kaveh et al , 2018b; Abdelmegid et al , 2015; Xu and Li, 2012; Said and El-Rayes, 2011); (3) the metaheuristic algorithms are not problem-specific (Li et al , 2019; Khalafallah and Hyari, 2018), and the derivatives of objective functions are not required (Kaveh and Vazirinia, 2019; Xu et al , 2016b; Gholizadeh et al , 2010; Zhou et al , 2009); and (4) in complex mathematical models (e.g. bi-level models), it is difficult to use exact algorithms to find all feasible solutions (Song et al , 2016, 2018a; Li et al , 2015).…”