Charging and Collection of Submicron Particles in Two-Stage Parallel-Plate Electrostatic Precipitators

Yoo, Kyung Hoon; Lee, Joon Sik; Oh, Minah

doi:10.1080/02786829708965476

Cited by 99 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, due to the decrease in particle charge with decrease in size, and increase in the drag forces with increase in size, ESPs typically have a collection efficiency minimum in the submicrometersize region (Flagan and Seinfeld 1988). Though not predicted by conventional ESP models, the capture efficiency has also been found to decrease significantly as particle size decreases in the ultrafine particle size region (Watanabe et al 1995;Kim and Biswas 1996;Yoo et al 1997;Zhuang et al 2000;Kulkarni et al 2002). This decrease has been attributed to partial charging of ultrafine particles (Zhuang et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…How the virus particles gain and lose charge was not examined in this work, and thus a detailed estimation of the parameters described in Zhuang et al (2000) was not done. However, the low charges on the ultrafine particles are attributed to poor diffusion charging and low ion attachment coefficients (Adachi et al 1985;Yoo et al 1997;Zhuang et al 2000;Kulkarni et al 2002).…”

Section: Capture Efficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Capture of Viral Particles in Soft X-Ray–Enhanced Corona Systems: Charge Distribution and Transport Characteristics

Hogan

Lee

Biswas

2004

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The charge distribution of airborne MS2 bacteriophage nanoparticles and the efficiency of electrical-mobility-based capture mechanisms with bipolar charging were studied. MS2 virions form large agglomerated particles in a suspension. The average charge on airborne MS2 virions can be as high as one unit charge (negatively charged). The application of both soft X-ray irradiation and alpha rays from a Po-210 bipolar charger was shown to not only reduce the average charge on MS2 virion particles but also partially fragment the larger MS2 virion agglomerates, thereby increasing the number of ultrafine MS2 virion particles. A cylindrical electrostatic precipitator with a mounted soft X-ray emitter was used to determine the effectiveness of electrical capture methods for virus particles. At low applied voltages, it was found that the capture efficiency of ultrafine virus particles can be increased by applying in situ soft X-ray irradiation with electrostatic precipitation. It has also been shown that in the presence of both a positive and negative corona, virus particles are readily captured with log removal values exceeding 4. The unit developed and demonstrated in this work is a compact, low-pressure drop system that can be readily mounted in ventilation ducts or air supply systems to remove ultrafine particles such as viruses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Capture Efficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capture of Viral Particles in Soft X-Ray–Enhanced Corona Systems: Charge Distribution and Transport Characteristics

Hogan

Lee

Biswas

2004

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…The collection efficiency of the smallest particles by an ESP is reduced because a portion of the incoming ultrafine particles do not receive a charge (partial charging). [145][146][147] However, in the ultrafine size range, diffusion and particle growth by condensation of water vapor become important removal mechanisms.…”

Section: Control Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Lighty

Veranth

Sarofim

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

1,021

600

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Particulate matter (PM) emissions from stationary combustion sources burning coal, fuel oil, biomass, and waste, and PM from internal combustion (IC) engines burning gasoline and diesel, are a significant source of primary particles smaller than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) in urban areas. Combustion-generated particles are generally smaller than geologically produced dust and have unique chemical composition and morphology. The fundamental processes affecting formation of combustion PM and the emission characteristics of important applications are reviewed. Particles containing transition metals, ultrafine particles, and soot are emphasized because these types of particles have been studied extensively, and their emissions are controlled by the fuel composition and the oxidant-temperature-mixing history from the flame to the stack. There is a need for better integration of the combustion, air pollution control, atmospheric chemistry, and inhalation health research communities. Epidemiology has demonstrated that susceptible individuals are being harmed by ambient PM. Particle surface area, number of ultrafine particles, bioavailable transition metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and other particle-bound organic compounds are suspected to be more important than particle mass in determining the effects of air pollution. Time-and size-resolved PM measurements are needed for testing mechanistic toxicological hypotheses, for characterizing the relationship between combustion operating conditions and transient emissions, and for source apportionment studies to develop air quality plans. Citations are provided to more specialized reviews, and the concluding comments make suggestions for further research.

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“…ESPs have size-dependent collection efficiencies, and while overall mass-based collection efficiencies may be high (e.g., 99%), the collection efficiencies of particles in the submicrometer and nanometer particle size range, the size range associated with viruses and some allergens, are typically low (19)(20)(21)(22). In this ESP penetration window (0.1-to 1-m size range), electrical mobility, which is influenced by both particle charge and mechanical mobility, is at a minimum, and consequently, collection efficiency is also at a minimum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The usefulness of ESP technology in mitigating biological aerosols of Ͼ1 m in diameter has been demonstrated using bacterial endospores and various bacterial species (12, 13). Other research involving electrostatic precipitation of bacterial cells and spores has focused on survival rates (i.e., bioavailability) after electrical charging as well as sampling efficiency for exposure assessment (14-18).ESPs have size-dependent collection efficiencies, and while overall mass-based collection efficiencies may be high (e.g., 99%), the collection efficiencies of particles in the submicrometer and nanometer particle size range, the size range associated with viruses and some allergens, are typically low (19)(20)(21)(22). In this ESP penetration window (0.1-to 1-m size range), electrical mobility,…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft-X-Ray-Enhanced Electrostatic Precipitation for Protection against Inhalable Allergens, Ultrafine Particles, and Microbial Infections

Kettleson

Schriewer

Buller

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Protection of the human lung from infectious agents, allergens, and ultrafine particles is difficult with current technologies. High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters remove airborne particles of >0.3 m with 99.97% efficiency, but they are expensive to maintain. Electrostatic precipitation has been used as an inexpensive approach to remove large particles from airflows, but it has a collection efficiency minimum in the submicrometer size range, allowing for a penetration window for some allergens and ultrafine particles. Incorporating soft X-ray irradiation as an in situ component of the electrostatic precipitation process greatly improves capture efficiency of ultrafine particles. Here we demonstrate the removal and inactivation capabilities of soft-X-ray-enhanced electrostatic precipitation technology targeting infectious agents (Bacillus anthracis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, and poxviruses), allergens, and ultrafine particles. Incorporation of in situ soft X-ray irradiation at low-intensity corona conditions resulted in (i) 2-fold to 9-fold increase in capture efficiency of 200-to 600-nm particles and (ii) a considerable delay in the mean day of death as well as lower overall mortality rates in ectromelia virus (ECTV) cohorts. At the high-intensity corona conditions, nearly complete protection from viral and bacterial respiratory infection was afforded to the murine models for all biological agents tested. When optimized for combined efficient particle removal with limited ozone production, this technology could be incorporated into stand-alone indoor air cleaners or scaled for installation in aircraft cabin, office, and residential heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems.T he simple, involuntary act of breathing constantly exposes the human respiratory system to a host of biological and nonbiological particles capable of causing diseases that range from microbial respiratory infections to allergic reactions that may exacerbate underlying asthmatic conditions. Aerosol transmission has been implicated to various degrees in a number of viral and bacterial infections, including smallpox (1), influenza (2), tuberculosis (3), and anthrax (4). Asthma, a chronic respiratory disease that can be triggered by inhalation exposure to diesel soot and allergens, such as fungal spores, pollen, and pet dander, ranked as the fifth most costly health care expenditure in the United States at $51.3 billion in 2006 (5). Considering that citizens of developed nations normally spend 87% of their time indoors (6, 7), properly maintaining indoor air quality is clearly an absolute necessity for the protection of public health.The capture of aerosol particles by filtration is the most common method for air cleaning. High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, which remove airborne particles of Ͼ0.3 m with 99.97% efficiency, are generally employed for applications requiring the highest level of particle removal. For example, HEPA filters have been incorporated into hospital air handling systems that service o...

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Charging and Collection of Submicron Particles in Two-Stage Parallel-Plate Electrostatic Precipitators

Cited by 99 publications

References 33 publications

Capture of Viral Particles in Soft X-Ray–Enhanced Corona Systems: Charge Distribution and Transport Characteristics

Capture of Viral Particles in Soft X-Ray–Enhanced Corona Systems: Charge Distribution and Transport Characteristics

Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Soft-X-Ray-Enhanced Electrostatic Precipitation for Protection against Inhalable Allergens, Ultrafine Particles, and Microbial Infections

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