Charging of deformed semicrystalline polymers observed with a scanning electron microscope

Gong, Hao; Chooi, K.M.; Ong, C. K.

doi:10.1109/94.484316

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

1995

DOI: 10.1109/94.484316

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Charging of deformed semicrystalline polymers observed with a scanning electron microscope

Hao Gong¹,

K.M. Chooi²,

C. K. Ong³

Abstract: A scanning electron microscope technique is employed to investigate the charging response of stretched semi-crystalline polypropylene (PP) and high density polyethylene (HDPE). The results reveal that the charging response of these insulating polymers varies with the amount of deformation due to stretching. The curves of charging response as a function of extension for HDPE and PP both can be divided into four regions showing up, down, and up and down trends, respectively. These four regions are related to fou… Show more

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Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

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Characterization of non‐conducting materials: a promise of quality and productivity improvements in various industrial fields

Gressus¹

2001

Polymer International

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An increase in reliability and a decrease in production cost of systems that include insulators require a better knowledge of the origins of friction, wear, adhesion, fracture and electric breakdown. By doing this, for example, a manufacturer could adapt his fabrication to the user's operational conditions whereas, at present, he only can offer a catalogue of standard specified products.The macroscopic behaviour of a material depends on the defects therein; these in turn determine the electric charge distribution and the internal energy of the material. Seen in this light, many pioneering results can be understood and used to clarify the experiments required for validating new theories of breakdown or wear.Several laboratories have worked together to demonstrate the direct relationships that exist between the microscopic parameters of charge and energy localization or relaxation and macroscopic behaviour. One essential point was to find how to carry out experiments whilst preserving the material's intrinsic defect state during sample preparation and how to characterize defects related to stresses applied to the material. Another point was to investigate the phenomena that occur at the early stage of wear, fracture and breakdown before catastrophic failure. Therefore the use of time‐ and spatially‐resolved measurements has been essential.This work reviews some pioneering results, pointing out the importance of polarization and conduction on apparently different behaviour (wear, adhesion and breakdown). These results have been explained from classical solid state physics and electrostatics backgrounds. When the experiments were carried out, however, characterization techniques for interpretating the results were missing, so that they did not receive the attention they deserved. Surprisingly, and as discussed in the second part, because these new characterization techniques have not been sufficiently disseminated in industry, these pioneering results and theories have not been practically applied. As a consequence, standard insulator specifications still do not reflect our actual knowledge. In the third part, some examples illustrate technological progress that can be made by combining some new characterization techniques with the standard ones.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry

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Characterization of non‐conducting materials: a promise of quality and productivity improvements in various industrial fields

Gressus¹

2001

Polymer International

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The effect of Al3+, Na+ and Li+ impurities on the charging ability of single-crystalline quartz under electron beam irradiation

Song

Gong

Ong

1998

Materials Science and Engineering: B

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The trapping and distribution of charge in polarized polymethylmethacrylate under electron-beam irradiation

Song

Gong

Ong

1997

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) mirror-image method (MIM) is employed to investigate the charging behaviour of polarized polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) under electron-beam irradiation. An ellipsoid is used to model the trapped charge distribution and a fitting method is employed to calculate the total amount of the trapped charge and its distribution parameters. The experimental results reveal that the charging ability decreases with increasing applied electric field, which polarizes the PMMA sample, whereas the trapped charge distribution is elongated along the direction of the applied electric field and increases with increasing applied electric field. The charges are believed to be trapped in some localization states, of activation energy and radius estimated to be about 19.6 meV and , respectively.

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Charging of deformed semicrystalline polymers observed with a scanning electron microscope

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Characterization of non‐conducting materials: a promise of quality and productivity improvements in various industrial fields

Characterization of non‐conducting materials: a promise of quality and productivity improvements in various industrial fields

The effect of Al3+, Na+ and Li+ impurities on the charging ability of single-crystalline quartz under electron beam irradiation

The trapping and distribution of charge in polarized polymethylmethacrylate under electron-beam irradiation

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