“…While visual information presented on the dashboard during manual driving may be detectable using peripheral vision (Lamble, Laakso, & Summala, 1999), such information might be missed if the driver is engaged in a non-driving task. A promising approach for conveying visual messages is to use ambient TORs, for example by lighting up a LED strip or bar under the windshield, along the A-pillar, or around the cabin (e.g., Kelsch & Dziennus, 2015;Löcken, Heuten, & Boll, 2015;Meschtscherjakov, Döttlinger, Rödel, & Tscheligi, 2015;Pfromm, Cieler, & Bruder, 2013;Winkler et al, 2018), or by using spatially directed LED strips (Dettman & Bullinger, 2017). Such ambient TORs might be more easily detected by the distracted driver than localized visual cues.…”