Chasing the golden egg: vaccination against poultry coccidiosis

Sharman, Philippa A; Smith, Nicholas C.; Wallach, Michael; Katrib, Marilyn

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01209.x

Cited by 193 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…On the contrary, the success of live attenuated vaccines (Paracox and HatchPak CocciIII) relies on the low risk of disease occurring because of the reduction in the proliferation of parasites and consequently a less damage in birds' tissue [22].…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian Coccidiosis, New Strategies of Treatment

Quiroz-Castañeda¹

2018

Farm Animals Diseases, Recent Omic Trends and New Strategies of Treatment

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The control of avian coccidiosis since the 1940s has been associated with the use of ionophores and chemical drugs. Recently, a significant interest in natural sources has developed due to the pressure to poultry industry to produce drug-free birds. Consequently, the search of products derived from plants and other natural sources has increased in the last years. Today, many commercial products containing essential oils, extracts, and other compounds are available. The use of these compounds of natural origin is related to an increased immune response, a body weight gain, destruction of oocyst, among other benefits. The main inconvenience of these products is the act on some species of Eimeria, but not all. This genetic variability found in the parasite makes the use of products difficult to control and treat coccidiosis. In this chapter, several proposals of treatment are presented based on the use of natural products, considering the new strategies of treatment with minimal consequences to birds.

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Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only commercial subunit vaccine was CoxAbic ® , based on purified native protein isolated from gametocytes of Eimeria and inhibits the development of oocysts but with only 53% of protection against challenge with Eimeria infections, resulting in a very limiting vaccine [22,25].…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Coccidiosis, New Strategies of Treatment

Quiroz-Castañeda¹

2018

Farm Animals Diseases, Recent Omic Trends and New Strategies of Treatment

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“…The three species that most commonly affect the poultry industry are: E. tenella, E. maxima and E. acervulina (CARDOZO;YAMAMURA, 2006;McDOUGALD, 2007). Among these, E. maxima is considered to be the one with the highest pathogenicity (SHARMAN et al, 2010), causing lesions that may compromise the absorption surface of birds' digestive tract (JANG et al, 2010;JENKINS et al, 2009). In addition, it may also favor establishment of other diseases, since the damaged intestinal tissues and the functional changes to the intestinal tract that it causes may break down the natural defense barriers and allow colonization by various pathogenic agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic alterations in broiler chickens experimentally infected with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria maxima

Freitas

2014

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Metabolic and morphometric alterations of the duodenal villi caused by parasitism of chickens by Eimeria maxima were evaluated, using 100 male Cobb birds, randomly distributed into two groups (control and infected). The infected group was inoculated with 0.5 ml of a solution containing 5×10 3 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria maxima. Ten birds per sample were sacrificed on the 6 th , 11 th , 22 nd and 41 st days post-infection (dpi). In order to evaluate the alterations, samples of duodenum, jejunum and ileum fragments were collected after necropsy for histological analysis. Villus biometry was determined by means of a slide graduated in microns that was attached to a binocular microscope. To evaluate the biochemical data, 5 ml of blood were sampled from the birds before sacrifice. The statistical analyses were performed using the GraphPad 5 statistical software for Windows. Tukey's multiple comparison test (p < 0.05) was performed for the different dpi's and the unpaired t test for the difference between the groups. Infection by E. maxima causes both qualitative and quantitative alterations to the structure of the intestinal villi, thereby interfering with the absorption of nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, protein and lipids, with consequent reductions in the birds' weights.Keywords: Eimeria maxima, metabolism, experimental infection. ResumoForam avaliadas alterações metabólicas e morfométricas das vilosidades intestinais causadas pelo parasitismo de frangos por Eimeria maxima, sendo utilizadas 100 aves da linhagem Coob, machos, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais: grupo controle, inoculado com 0,5 ml de água destilada; grupo infectado, inoculado com 0,5ml de solução contendo 5×10 3 oocistos esporulados de Eimeria maxima. Foram sacrificadas 10 aves por coleta no 0, 6, 11, 22 e 41 dias pós-infecção. Para avaliar as alterações foram retiradas, após necropsia, amostras de fragmentos do duodeno, jejuno e íleo para análise histológica. A determinação da biometria de vilosidades foi realizada por meio de lâmina milimetrada acoplada a um microscópio binocular. Para avaliação dos dados bioquímicos foram coletados 5 ml de sangue das aves antes da eutanásia. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas, utilizando-se o programa estatístico Graphpad Prism. 5 -Windows e realizado o teste de comparações múltiplas de Tukey ( p < 0,05) para os diferentes dpi's e o Teste T não Pareado para diferença entre os grupos. A infecção por E. maxima provoca alterações qualitativas e quantitativas das vilosidades intestinais, interferindo na absorção de nutrientes, como cálcio, fósforo, magnésio, proteínas e lipídios, com consequente redução no peso das aves.Palavras-chave: Eimeria maxima, metabolismo, infecção experimental.

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“…1,[13][14][15] The high cost of these vaccines means their use in the treatment of broiler chickens is very expensive. To help reduce the cost of live vaccines, shuttle programs have been developed for broiler chickens in which live vaccines are rotated with coccidiostats (anticoccidial drugs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing strategies for the control of coccidiosis in chickens on poultry farms using modern diagnostic tools

Frölich¹,

Farhat²,

Wallach³

2013

RIP

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Abstract:Coccidiosis is caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Eimeria and is a major worldwide problem in the poultry industry today. The current strategies to control the disease still rely heavily on anticoccidial drugs and on the use of shuttle programs to periodically introduce attenuated live parasites onto poultry farms. Recently, because of the improved performance of broiler chickens, farmers are able to raise chickens for market within a period of only 5-6 weeks. This short growth period enables the development of strategies for coccidiosis control either by ensuring an even exposure of chickens to parasites in the litter, inducing immunity against reinfection, or by keeping parasite numbers below a threshold level wherein only subclinical infections will occur. Therefore, the development and use of new diagnostic tools to precisely identify the Eimeria species and strain and to measure the number of oocysts in the feces and litter can be very helpful in predicting exposure and designing strategies for the control of coccidiosis in the field. The purpose of this study was to describe recently developed methods of diagnosis in terms of their sensitivity and usefulness, describe ways in which litter oocyst numbers can be quantitated, and start to develop an analytical tool that can be used for designing strategies for the control of coccidiosis. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based assay has been developed that enables the identification of all seven Eimeria species in a single reaction tube. Previous reports have shown it is possible to detect one oocyst using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay; however, other reports have found that under both laboratory and field conditions the minimal level of sensitivity is only 20 oocysts. In addition, the present authors' studies have found that when using spiked mixed samples, the level of detection of a contaminating Eimeria species is only 5%. Therefore, it is imperative that a new method be developed with a tenfold higher level of sensitivity for field-testing. Once this test is developed and validated, it can be used to monitor the litter and assess the parameters (climate, hygiene, breed of chicken, etc) that govern coccidial outbreaks on farms.

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Chasing the golden egg: vaccination against poultry coccidiosis

Cited by 193 publications

References 78 publications

Avian Coccidiosis, New Strategies of Treatment

Avian Coccidiosis, New Strategies of Treatment

Metabolic alterations in broiler chickens experimentally infected with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria maxima

Designing strategies for the control of coccidiosis in chickens on poultry farms using modern diagnostic tools

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