ChCl: Gly (DESs) Promote Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Xanthene Derivatives and Their Antitubercular Activity

Abstract

A ChCl: Gly (DESs) promoted environmentally benign method was developed for the first time using the reaction of aryl aldehydes and dimedone to give excellent yields of xanthene analogues. The major application of this present protocol is the use of green solvent, a wide range of substrate, short reaction times, ease of recovery, the recyclability of the catalyst, high reaction yield, and ChCl: Gly as an alternative catalyst and solvent. In addition to this, all the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis H37Ra (MTB) and M. bovis BCG strains. The compounds 3d, 3e, 3f, and 3j showed significant antitubercular activity against MTB and M. bovis strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 2.5−15.10 µg/mL and 0.26–14.92 µg/mL, respectively. The compounds 3e, 3f, and 3j were found to be nontoxic against MCF-7, A549, HCT 116, and THP-1 cell lines. All the prepared compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis.

Trifluoroacetic acid-mediated synthesis of xanthene constructs and their extensive anti-tuberculosis evaluation

“…Notably, the preliminary anti-TB potential of some of these xanthenecompounds has been reported earlier with some level of conflicts. 40,41 To unravel the real anti-TB potential of such compounds we felt the need to explore a diverse range of xanthene-based compounds and to address the one assay based conflicting reports we did multi-assay backed studies including bacteriostatic, bactericidal, interaction with ATDs, time kill kinetics and fluorescence microscopy with the involvement of more than one organism. Out of a family of 25 compounds, only three compounds 14c, 14d and 14r exhibited significant anti-TB activity against M. tb.…”

Biosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Pisa Plant Leaf Extracts: Antimicrobial Activities and Catalytic Application for Xanthene Synthesis

“…The crude product was then recrystalized from ethanol. The recycled catalystwas reused up to 5 times [32,33] …”

Accelerated synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene and 1,8-dioxo-decahydroacridine derivatives using dendritic mesoporous nanosilica functionalized by hexamethylenetetramine: a novel nanocatalyst

“…12 Reaction of aldehydes with dimedone in the presence of various catalysts such as ionic liquids, silica sulfuric acid, resins, para dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate, zinc oxide, acetyl chloride, zirconium, para toluene sulfonic acid, etc., has been reported for the synthesis of xanthenes. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] However, some of these methods have long reaction times, harsh conditions and undesirable yields. So, optimization of the methods for the efficient synthesis of xanthenes has been widely demanded by chemists.…”