Checking syrup adulteration of honey using bioluminescent bacteria and chemometrics

Abstract

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Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Mature and Immature Honey: An HPLC/QTOF/MS-Based Metabolomic Approach

“…Counterfeit honeys remain a serious threat to the global beekeeping business. Typical frauds may involve diluting honey using a variety of syrups, , lightning honey color using ion-exchange resins, labeling the honey with fraudulent geographical and/or botanical origins, artificial feeding of bees during a nectar flow, and harvesting IMH (uncapped) . The latter fraud type is quite prevalent because some beekeepers think this can increase the honey harvest.…”

Asymptotic Analysis of an Ensemble of Randomly Projected Linear Discriminants

“…where the first relation corresponds to (4), the second to (5), and the final relation to (6). For the initial result concerning (4), we have for the term lnπ 1 π0 the convergence lnπ 1 π0 a.s.…”

“…Proof: See Appendix A-B By comparing the asymptotic expressions of the class-conditional discriminant statistics in Theorem 1 to their exact expressions (4), (5) and (6), it follows that the effect of the infinite ensemble projection is a regularization ofΣ by the quantity 1 ζΣ(Σ) . Since ζΣ (Σ) is a function of d through either (12) and (13) or (15) and 14, depending on whetherΣ = Σ orΣ =Σ respectively, the effect of d is to control this regularization parameter.…”

“…In spite of these assumptions, it has been shown to perform robustly on a variety of datasets [2]. Consequently, LDA and its variants are a popular choice for classification in many applications including chemometrics [3][4][5][6], face recognition [7][8][9][10], and cancer identification through gene expression microarray data [11][12][13][14][15]. Such applications, however, often suffer from high-dimensionality of data and a relative scarcity of samples.…”

An Authentication Study on Grappa Spirit: The Use of Chemometrics to Detect a Food Fraud

“…The chemometric approach has already been successfully applied several times for authentication purposes [19], for example in honey [20] or saffron [21] samples. Nowadays, chemometrics is largely used in analytical research, and also the American Food and Drug Administration is starting to recommend its use in analytical procedures [22].…”