Cheerleading Injuries in United States High Schools

Currie, Dustin W.; Fields, Sarah K.; Patterson, Michael J.; Comstock, R. Dawn

doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2447

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Similar rates have been recorded in high school and university student populations ( Baker & Good, 2014 ; Halstead & Walter, 2010 ) implying that the nature of play demanded by these sports may place athletes at a greater risk of sustaining a head injury ( McAllister et al, 2012 ). For example, in a high-risk sport like competitive cheerleading, concussions account for over 30% of all injuries sustained ( Currie, Fields, Patterson, & Comstock, 2015 ) despite the non-contact nature of competition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between concussion and alcohol consumption among university athletes

Alcock

Gallant

Good

2018

Addictive Behaviors Reports

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IntroductionThis study investigated concussion as a potential risk factor for increased alcohol consumption in university athletes.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional design, 41 university students (37% with a history of concussion) completed self-report measures, while electrodermal activation (EDA) was recorded for each participant to capture baseline physiological arousal.ResultsAs expected, concussion status significantly predicted alcohol consumption over and above athletic status, b = 0.34, p = 0.034, 95% CI [0.195, 4.832], such that those with a prior concussion history engaged in greater alcohol consumption. Importantly, concussion status also significantly predicted baseline physiological arousal, b = −0.39, p = 0.014, 95% CI [−0.979, −0.120], such that those with a history of concussion exhibited lower EDA.ConclusionsElevated alcohol consumption among athletes is a pronounced associate of concussion in sports and may be a behavioral reflection of disruption to the orbitofrontal cortex – an area implicated in inhibition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between concussion and alcohol consumption among university athletes

Alcock

Gallant

Good

2018

Addictive Behaviors Reports

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“…6 Describing the incidence of concussion in interscholastic sports is essential to identifying those at greatest risk of injury and where injury-reduction interventions should be targeted. When sports are evaluated independently, those with high concussion rates include rugby, 12 football, 13 girls' soccer, 13 cheerleading, 14,15 and boys' wrestling. 13 Numerous authors 7,13,16,17 have reported concussion rates across various samples of high school sports.…”

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Sport-Related Concussions in High School Athletes: National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (NATION), 2011–2012 Through 2013–2014

O’Connor

Baker

Dalton

et al. 2017

Journal of Athletic Training

186

167

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academic years.Main Outcome Measure(s): Sport-related concussion counts, percentages, rates per 10 000 athlete-exposures (AEs), rate ratios (RRs), and injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Rate ratios and IPRs with 95% CIs not containing 1.0 were considered significant.Results: Overall, 2004 SRCs were reported among 27 high school sports, for a rate of 3.89 per 10 000 AEs. Football had the highest SRC rate (9.21/10 000 AEs), followed by boys' lacrosse (6.65/10 000 AEs) and girls' soccer (6.11/10 000 AEs). The SRC rate was higher in competition than in practice (RR ¼ 3.30; 95% CI ¼ 3.02, 3.60). Among sex-comparable sports, the SRC rate was higher in girls than in boys (RR ¼ 1.56; 95% CI ¼ 1.34, 1.81); however, the proportion of SRCs due to player-to-player contact was higher in boys than in girls (IPR ¼ 1.48; 95% CI ¼ 1.27, 1.73). Common symptoms reported among all athletes with SRCs were headache (94.7%), dizziness (74.8%), and difficulty concentrating (61.0%). Only 0.8% of players with SRCs returned to play within 24 hours. The majority of athletes with SRCs (65.8%) returned to play between 7 and 28 days. More players had symptoms resolve after 7 days (48.8%) than less than a week (40.7%).Conclusions: Our findings provide updated high school SRC incidence estimates and further evidence of sex differences in reported SRCs. Few athletes with SRCs returned to play within 24 hours or a week. Most injured players returned after 7 days, despite a smaller proportion having symptoms resolve within a week.Key Words: injury surveillance, traumatic brain injuries, return to play Key PointsPer 10 000 athlete-exposures, the rates of sport-related concussion were highest in football (9.21), boys' lacrosse (6.65), and girls' soccer (6.11). Among sex-comparable sports, the rate of sport-related concussion was 56% higher in girls than in boys. Most athletes with sport-related concussions returned to play after 7 days, despite resolution of symptoms in a smaller proportion within 1 week.

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“…All 3 systems have been in operation for 10 or more years and have been used to characterize injuries in a number of organized HS and collegiate sports. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Data from all 3 systems are reviewed and used by national sport organizations' (National Federation of State High School Associations [NFHS] and NCAA) medical advisory and sport rules committees on a regular basis to evaluate current and future sport rules, protective equipment requirements, medical care, and safety policies. For this study, internal organ injuries were defined as affecting the abdominal and thoracic internal organs (eg, kidney, lung) due to direct contact (contact with person, apparatus, surface, or object) and resulting in medical care and time loss of at least 1 day (RIO and ISP) or semipermanent or permanent disability or death (NCCSIR).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Sport-Related Internal Organ Injuries Due to Direct-Contact Mechanisms Among High School and Collegiate Athletes Across 3 National Surveillance Systems

Kucera

Currie

Wasserman

et al. 2019

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context Although sport-related internal organ injuries among athletes are relatively infrequent, combining data sources enables a more comprehensive examination of their incidence. Objective To describe the incidence and characteristics of sport-related internal organ injuries due to direct-contact mechanisms among high school (HS) and collegiate athletes from 2005–2006 through 2014–2015. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting United States HS and collegiate sports data from 3 national sports injury-surveillance systems: High School Reporting Information Online (HS RIO), the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program (ISP), and the National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research. Patients or Other Participants High school and collegiate athletes in organized sports. Main Outcome Measure(s) Characteristics of the athlete, event, and injury were examined and stratified by data source and sport. Descriptive statistics of internal organ injuries via direct-contact mechanisms consisted of frequencies and incidence rates (IRs) per 1 000 000 athlete-exposures and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results During the 10-year period, 174 internal organ injuries were captured: 124 in HS RIO and 41 in the ISP; 9 were catastrophic. Most noncatastrophic injuries occurred among males (RIO = 85%, ISP = 89%), in football (RIO = 65%, ISP = 58%), and during competitions (RIO = 67%, ISP = 49%) and were due to player-player contact (RIO = 78%, ISP = 68%). The highest injury rates were in male contact sports: RIO football (IR = 11.7; 95% CI = 9.1, 14.2) and lacrosse (IR = 10.0; 95% CI = 3.1, 16.9); ISP: football (IR = 8.3; 95% CI = 5.0, 11.6) and ice hockey (IR = 7.9; 95% CI = 1.0, 14.7). A quarter of noncatastrophic injuries were season ending (RIO = 25%, ISP = 23%). Of the 9 catastrophic injuries, most occurred in HS (7/9) and football (7/9) and were due to player-player contact (6/9). Four resulted in death. Conclusions Direct-contact internal organ injuries occur infrequently; yet when they do occur, they may result in severe outcomes. These findings suggest that early recognition and a better understanding of the activities associated with the event and use or nonuse of protective equipment are needed.

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Cheerleading Injuries in United States High Schools

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

The relationship between concussion and alcohol consumption among university athletes

The relationship between concussion and alcohol consumption among university athletes

Epidemiology of Sport-Related Concussions in High School Athletes: National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (NATION), 2011–2012 Through 2013–2014

Incidence of Sport-Related Internal Organ Injuries Due to Direct-Contact Mechanisms Among High School and Collegiate Athletes Across 3 National Surveillance Systems

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