Cheilitis glandularis: immunohistochemical expression of protein water channels (aquaporins) in minor labial salivary glands

Nico, Marcello Menta Simonsen; Melo, Juliana Nakano de; Lourenço, Sílvia Vanessa

doi:10.1111/jdv.12059

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…80 Alteration of water transport may alter salivary composition, leading to changes in the salivary gland environment. 80 The differential diagnosis includes cheilitis granulomatosa, salivary gland neoplasms, actinic cheilitis or SCC of the lip, or chronic habitual injury. Cheilitis apostematosa profunda is a variant in which the salivary glands express a suppurative discharge.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases of the lips

Greenberg

Schlosser

Mirowski

2017

Clinics in Dermatology

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Heath care providers should be comfortable with normal as well as pathologic findings in the lips, because the lips are highly visible and may display clinical manifestations of local, as well as systemic inflammatory, allergic, irritant, and neoplastic alterations. Fortunately, the lips are easily accessible. The evaluation should include a careful history and physical examination, including visual inspection, as well as palpation of the lips and an examination of associated cervical, submandibular, and submental nodes. Pathologic and microscopic studies, as well as a review of medications, allergies, and habits, may further highlight possible etiologies. Many lip conditions, including premalignant changes, are relatively easy to treat, when the abnormalities are detected early; however, advanced disease and malignancies are challenging for both the patient and clinician. Treatment should be focused on eliminating potential irritants or allergens and treatment of the primary dermatosis. In this paper we review physiologic variants as well as pathologic conditions of the lips.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases of the lips

Greenberg

Schlosser

Mirowski

2017

Clinics in Dermatology

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“…The disease is clinically characterized by variable degrees of macrocheilia associated with red dilated ostia of excretory minor salivary gland ducts that open ectopically on the vermilion area. 5 This finding might somehow be related to the pathological synthesis of saliva and its viscous aspect. 1,2 CG occurs more frequently in fair-skinned adults; albino patients seem particularly prone, suggesting that sunlight may play a role on the disease onset, development, and outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From these red dilated ostia, sticky viscous saliva is secreted, causing discomfort to the patient. 5 Histopathological characteristics of CG reveal chronic sialadenitis with engorged acinar lobules and a dilated ductal system. 2,3 The cause and pathogenesis of CG is unknown, but the possible participation of a true inflammatory origin versus a clinical reaction pattern to external factors such as UV light has been debated in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscopy Evaluation of Cheilitis Glandularis

Lourenço

Kos²,

Nunes

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

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Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is an uncommon condition of unknown origin; it is clinically characterized by variable degrees of macrocheilia associated with red dilated ostia of minor salivary glands on the vermilion area, which secrete viscous saliva. Histopathological characteristics of CG are comprised of chronic sialadenitis with engorged acinar lobules and dilated ducts; CG also features chronic sun damage (actinic cheilitis and squamous cell carcinoma). These changes may be localized, and a punch biopsy specimen might fail to reveal enough criteria to support the diagnosis of CG. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a noninvasive imaging technique that enables an in vivo en face visualization of tissues with a resolution close to conventional histopathology. Its use allows analysis of the entire lip, without excision. We reported the evaluation of 5 cases of CG based on clinical RCM and histopathological correlation. RCM examination of the lip vermilion mainly revealed a bright aspect of the superficial epithelial layers, which corresponded to labial keratosis. Alteration of the classical epithelial honeycomb pattern was observed in RCM, which corresponded to epithelial changes in actinic cheilitis at histopathology. Round, dark empty spaces intermingling the epithelium, corresponded to the ectopic excretory salivary gland ducts that open their ostia within the lip vermilion. In the lamina propria, the most striking feature was superficial salivary gland lobules, seen as dark gray lobular structures. Our study, demonstrated the use of RCM in the evaluation of CG, showing that a correlation between the clinical, digital RCM images and histopathology improved the diagnostic skills in CG evaluation.

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“…The literature suggests that CG is a clinical reaction to mechanical trauma, associated with some factors, such as smoking, inadequate oral hygiene, chronic exposure to sunlight and wind, salivary imbalance, impaired immune system, and infection caused by bacteria. 3,5,6 Rather than considering CG as a premalignant condition, the co-occurrence of lower lip CG lesions and actinic damage should alert for increased susceptibility to develop squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lower lip, thus early diagnosis becomes an essential tool in the management of these injuries. 2,6 The treatment of CG is challenging and dictated by the clinical characteristics of the lesion, ranging from more conservative therapies, such as the use of topical corticoids and use of antibiotics, to radical surgical treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cheilitis glandularis: case report and systematic literature review

et al. 2022

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Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that affects the minor salivary glands predominantly in the lower lip. In this article, we report the case of an 18‐year‐old black woman who presented with a deep suppurative type of CG in both lips. In addition, we performed a systematic literature review in five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid, and Embase) to identify CG case reports or case series. A total of 360 references were retrieved in the electronic databases. Thirty‐four articles met the inclusion criteria, and six were retrieved through manual search, totaling 40 articles included in the systematic review. Thirty‐nine (68.4%) cases occurred in male individuals and 18 (31.6%) in female individuals. The mean age of affected individuals was 40.9 years. Different clinical manifestations ranging from no symptoms to discomfort, pain, swelling, erythema, eversion of the lip, dilated ductal openings, ulcers, and crust have been reported. Among the included CG cases, 41 affected exclusively the lower lip (71.9%). In four cases, the CG only affected the upper lip (7.0%). In 12 cases, the lesion affected both the lower and upper lips (21.1%). Different treatment modalities were adopted in the management of CG. Although the surgical treatment was indicated (42.1%), the conservative treatment with topical medications, as in the present case, resulted in resolution in 21.0% of cases.

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Cheilitis glandularis: immunohistochemical expression of protein water channels (aquaporins) in minor labial salivary glands

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Diseases of the lips

Diseases of the lips

In Vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscopy Evaluation of Cheilitis Glandularis

Cheilitis glandularis: case report and systematic literature review

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