Chelation in Nutrition, Soil Microorganisms and Soil Chelation. The Pedogenic Action of Lichens and Lichen Acids

Schatz, Albert

doi:10.1021/jf60126a004

Cited by 77 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…On the one hand, their limited solubility in water could suggest they do not play an important role in mineral weathering, but, on the other, Ascaso et al (1976) reported that P. conspersa thalli demonstrate the ability to extract cations (including Ca 2+) when suspended in water minerals and rocks. Also, relatively low pH = 4.5 measured in P. conspersa water suspension and pH = 5.3 measured in P. conspersa-mica water suspension (Schatz 1963) indicate that chemical weathering processes may occur in granitic rock components. Wierzchos and Ascaso (1996) recently demonstrated that the lichen-rock interface could be an important location of chemical changes of biotite.…”

Section: Semmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mineralogical Transformation of Bioweathered Granitic Biotite, Studied by HRTEM: Evidence for a New Pathway in Lichen Activity

Wierzchoś

1998

Clays and clay miner.

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The question of whether clay minerals can be biogenically transformed as a result of lichen activity at the lichen-rock interface remains unresolved. We applied several microscopical and analytical techniques--scanning electron microscopy-back-scattered electron (SEM-BSE), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)--in an attempt to address this issue. Unaffected granitic biotite and bioweathered material from the granitic biotite and Parmelia conspersa lichen thalli interface were examined using HRTEM after ultrathin sectioning. The n-alkylammonium treatment of ultrathin sections was carried out in order to study the biogenous mineralogical transformation of the biotite. Microsamples proceeding from unaffected biotite zones demonstrated homogenous 10-A d(OO1)-value biotite phase. HRTEM images of lattice fringes of samples taken from the lichen-biotite contact zone reveal laorge areas of both unexpanded (10-A) and randomly and R = 3 distributed expanded (from 14-to 30-A) layers of phyllosilicates identified as interstratified biotite-vermiculite. Results of artificial biotite weathering (replacement of K by Ca ion) also revealed the biotitevermiculite phase formation, indicating that K release in biotite is one of the mechanisms responsible for interstratified mineral phase formation. Two parallel processes, physical exfoliation of biotite and interlayer ionic exchange of K and subsequent vermiculite formation, are the mechanisms for biotite bioweathering induced by lichens.

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Section: Semmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mineralogical Transformation of Bioweathered Granitic Biotite, Studied by HRTEM: Evidence for a New Pathway in Lichen Activity

Wierzchoś

1998

Clays and clay miner.

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“…Se han estudiado, por ejemplo, los mecanismos de interacción entre los líquenes y los materiales de construcción [7,8], el efecto de los líquenes en diferentes tipos de tejas [9], o la relación entre la degradación de los materiales debida a la formación de compuestos a partir de sustancias producidas por los líquenes y cómo afecta esto al deterioro de los monumentos [10][11][12]. Pero no se ha realizado un estudio en el que se establezca una relación entre las características de los materiales cerámicos y la colonización biológica que permita el diseño de productos resistentes a la biocolonización.…”

Section: Ensayos Realizadosunclassified

Comportamiento de tejas de diferente color (rojo y paja) frente al biodeterioro

Gazulla¹,

Sánchez²,

Gonzalez³

et al. 2014

Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidr.

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(2)Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (IRNAS). CSIC. Sevilla. Spain INTRODUCCIÓNDurante años, el deterioro de los materiales, se ha atribuido únicamente a la acción de procesos físicos y químicos, pero realmente, se ha demostrado que la acción de microorganismos, tales como bacterias, cianobacterias, algas, hongos o líquenes, es uno de los principales factores que afectan al deterioro de los materiales [1][2][3][4][5].Históricamente, las tejas cerámicas son materiales que presentan una durabilidad muy elevada, sin embargo, esto conlleva una larga exposición a factores ambientales que se traduce en un elevado riesgo ante la colonización por microorganismos, y progresivamente por otros organismos tales como líquenes y musgos. Esta colonización puede provocar cambios en la coloración del material, afectando así al aspecto estético de las construcciones, y puede influir en las propiedades químicas y físicas de las tejas, afectando a las propiedades funcionales de éstas. Pero además, en posteriores estadios, se puede producir el crecimiento de plantas vasculares que pueden afectar a la integridad de La colonización biológica es un fenómeno que afecta de forma negativa a la durabilidad de los materiales de construcción. A nivel industrial se ha observado que las tejas de color paja muestran mayor tendencia a la colonización biológica que las tejas de coloración rojiza, incluso cuando ambas presentan características similares. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la causa de las diferencias de biocolonización entre tejas de diferente color. Para ello, se ha determinado la composición química de la superficie de tejas de color paja y de color rojo mediante WD-FRX, la composición mineralógica por DRX, la microestructura de la superficie mediante MEB-EDX, la distribución del tamaño de poros mediante porosimetría de mercurio, y la solubilidad (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl and SO 4 2-por ICP-OES y cromatografía iónica). Se ha evaluado la biorreceptividad midiendo la intensidad de fluorescencia con un fluorómetro, utilizando la cianobacteria Oscillatoria sp. Los resultados muestran una mayor concentración de calcio y azufre, y una mayor solubilidad de éstos, en la superficie de las tejas paja, y éstas presentan una mayor tendencia a la colonización. Por lo tanto, el hecho de que presenten sales solubles en superficie favorece la biocolonización, y con ello, el deterioro estético y funcional del tejado. Palabras clave: Biorreceptividad, tejas, color, propiedades químicas Biodeterioration behaviour in different colour roofing tiles (red and straw coloured)Biocolonization of building materials is a critical problem for the durability of constructions. Industrial experience shows that straw coloured roofing tiles are more prone to colonization than red roofing tiles, even having similar characteristics. The aim of this work is to explain the difference of biocolonization between different colour roofing tiles. The chemical composition of the surface of straw coloured and red roofing tiles, the phase composition and the mic...

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“…There will also be significant geological impacts as root exudates will alter the chemical composition of the soil, for example increasing the concentration of CO 2 which would increase the chemical weathering of rocks and so increase rates of chemical weathering (Berner, 1997). Also of relevance is the production of acids by lichens in order to chelate minerals that can significantly alter the flux of elements from rocks into the biosphere (Schatz, 1963).…”

Section: Biological Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards understanding how surface life can affect interior geological processes: a non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach

2011

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Abstract. Life has significantly altered the Earth's atmosphere, oceans and crust. To what extent has it also affected interior geological processes? To address this question, three models of geological processes are formulated: mantle convection, continental crust uplift and erosion and oceanic crust recycling. These processes are characterised as non-equilibrium thermodynamic systems. Their states of disequilibrium are maintained by the power generated from the dissipation of energy from the interior of the Earth. Altering the thickness of continental crust via weathering and erosion affects the upper mantle temperature which leads to changes in rates of oceanic crust recycling and consequently rates of outgassing of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Estimates for the power generated by various elements in the Earth system are shown. This includes, inter alia, surface life generation of 264 TW of power, much greater than those of geological processes such as mantle convection at 12 TW. This high power results from life's ability to harvest energy directly from the sun. Life need only utilise a small fraction of the generated free chemical energy for geochemical transformations at the surface, such as affecting rates of weathering and erosion of continental rocks, in order to affect interior, geological processes. Consequently when assessing the effects of life on Earth, and potentially any planet with a significant biosphere, dynamical models may be required that better capture the coupled nature of biologically-mediated surface and interior processes.

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Chelation in Nutrition, Soil Microorganisms and Soil Chelation. The Pedogenic Action of Lichens and Lichen Acids

Cited by 77 publications

References 8 publications

Mineralogical Transformation of Bioweathered Granitic Biotite, Studied by HRTEM: Evidence for a New Pathway in Lichen Activity

Mineralogical Transformation of Bioweathered Granitic Biotite, Studied by HRTEM: Evidence for a New Pathway in Lichen Activity

Comportamiento de tejas de diferente color (rojo y paja) frente al biodeterioro

Towards understanding how surface life can affect interior geological processes: a non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach

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