Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 DNA in Fibropapillomatosis-Affected Chelonia mydas

Domiciano, Isabela Guarnier; Broadhurst, Matt K.; Domit, Camila; Flaiban, Karina Keller Marques da Costa; Goldberg, Daphne Wrobel; Fritzen, Juliana Torres Tomazi; Bracarense, Ana Paula Frederico Rodrigues Loureiro

doi:10.1007/s10393-019-01412-8

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…2016; Domiciano et al. 2019). The high similarity found between ChHV5 UL30 variants in green sea turtles from the same feeding ground described in our study and elsewhere (Greenblatt et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2016) based on ChHV5 detection in every cutaneous tumor analyzed through PCR (Alfaro‐Núñez and Gilbert 2014; Domiciano et al. 2019), FP experimental transmission in which inoculation of cell‐free cutaneous tumor extracts resulted in FP development in healthy green sea turtles (Herbst et al. 1995), and the occasional presence of IIBs in cutaneous tumors (Monezi et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Occurrence of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) in Green Sea Turtles Chelonia mydas with and without Fibropapillomatosis in Feeding Areas of the São Paulo Coast, Brazil

et al. 2021

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Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) has been consistently associated with fibropapillomatosis (FP), a neoplastic disease that affects sea turtles globally. The DNA of ChHV5 has been detected in cutaneous and noncutaneous tissues (e.g., lung) of green sea turtles Chelonia mydas with (FP+) and without (FP−) clinical signs of FP, indicating a persistent ChHV5 infection. Previously published and custom primer pairs were used to amplify the fragments of ChHV5 unique long (UL) partial genes (UL30 and UL18) through end‐point PCR from cutaneous tumors (n = 31), nontumored skin (n = 49), and lungs (n = 26) from FP+ (n = 31) and FP− (n = 18) green sea turtles. The DNA of ChHV5 was detected in cutaneous tumors (80.6%, 25/31), nontumored skin (74.2%, 23/31 FP+; 27.8%, 5/18 FP−), and lung samples (91.7%, 11/12 FP+; 100%, 14/14 FP−). The high occurrence of ChHV5 observed in lung samples from FP− individuals was unexpected (14/14), providing the first evidence of ChHV5 DNA presence in lungs of individuals without FP. Our results also revealed high ChHV5 occurrence among the tested cohort (93.9%, 46/49) and suggested that a large proportion (83.4%, 15/18) of FP− green sea turtles had subclinical ChHV5 infections. Hence, our findings support the hypothesis that ChHV5 requires one or more possibly environmental or immune‐related co‐factors to induce FP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Occurrence of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) in Green Sea Turtles Chelonia mydas with and without Fibropapillomatosis in Feeding Areas of the São Paulo Coast, Brazil

et al. 2021

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“…The heavily afflicted individuals may potentially have other increased risk factors, such as poorer nutritional condition or concomitant infections/ diseases leading to a more severe expression of the clinical disease (Aguirre and Balazs, 2000). All turtles observed appeared to be in good body condition, yet we did not assess blood parameters, which would give a more complete picture of overall health condition, potentially explaining the observed differences in FP expression (Domiciano et al 2019). The continuation of the in-water CMR monitoring will give more insight to the pathogenesis of the disease, as this study represents a snapshot in time, and there may be temporal variations in FP expression/severity, for example, mediated by seasonality in seawater temperatures, which are more variable in Mauritania, as warmer seawater temperatures have been proposed to be linked with increases in tumour growth (Herbst et al 1994, Herbst et al 1995, Foley et al 2004.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibropapillomatosis and the Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 in Green Turtles from West Africa

et al. 2021

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Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumorigenic panzootic disease of sea turtles, most common in green turtles (Chelonia mydas). FP is linked to the chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChAHV5) and to degraded habitats and, though benign, large tumours can hinder vital functions, causing death. We analyse 108 green turtles, captured in 2018 and 2019, at key foraging grounds in Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania, West Africa, for the presence of FP, and use real-time PCR to detect ChAHV5 DNA, in 76 individuals. The prevalence of FP was moderate; 33% in Guinea-Bissau (n = 36) and 28% in Mauritania (n = 72), and most turtles were mildly affected, possibly due to low human impact at study locations. Juveniles had higher FP prevalence (35%, n = 82) compared to subadults (5%, n = 21), probably because individuals acquire resistance over time. ChAHV5 DNA was detected in 83% (n = 24) of the tumour biopsies, consistent with its role as aetiological agent of FP and in 26% (n = 27) of the ‘normal’ skin (not showing lesions) from FP turtles. Notably, 45% of the asymptomatic turtles were positive for ChAHV5, supporting multifactorial disease expression. We report the first baselines of FP and ChAHV5 prevalence for West Africa green turtles, essential to assess evolution of disease and future impacts of anthropogenic activities.

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“…Thus far, no ChHV5 variants have been tightly correlated to FP disease severity [ 11 , 16 , 39 , 66 , 67 ]. While ChHV5 variants may not determine disease severity, with environmental co-factors and host immune systems potentially playing a larger role [ 7 , 11 , 25 ], it is also possible that previous studies utilising small cohorts of genes to distinguish variants may have missed some more subtle nucleotide diversity between variants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Comparisons of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) Genomes from Fibropapillomatosis-Afflicted Green (Chelonia mydas), Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) and Kemp’s Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) Sea Turtles

Whitmore

Yetsko

Farrell

et al. 2021

Animals

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The spreading global sea turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP) epizootic is threatening some of Earth’s ancient reptiles, adding to the plethora of threats faced by these keystone species. Understanding this neoplastic disease and its likely aetiological pathogen, chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5), is crucial to understand how the disease impacts sea turtle populations and species and the future trajectory of disease incidence. We generated 20 ChHV5 genomes, from three sea turtle species, to better understand the viral variant diversity and gene evolution of this oncogenic virus. We revealed previously underappreciated genetic diversity within this virus (with an average of 2035 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 1.54% of the ChHV5 genome) and identified genes under the strongest evolutionary pressure. Furthermore, we investigated the phylogeny of ChHV5 at both genome and gene level, confirming the propensity of the virus to be interspecific, with related variants able to infect multiple sea turtle species. Finally, we revealed unexpected intra-host diversity, with up to 0.15% of the viral genome varying between ChHV5 genomes isolated from different tumours concurrently arising within the same individual. These findings offer important insights into ChHV5 biology and provide genomic resources for this oncogenic virus.

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Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 DNA in Fibropapillomatosis-Affected Chelonia mydas

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

High Occurrence of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) in Green Sea Turtles Chelonia mydas with and without Fibropapillomatosis in Feeding Areas of the São Paulo Coast, Brazil

High Occurrence of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) in Green Sea Turtles Chelonia mydas with and without Fibropapillomatosis in Feeding Areas of the São Paulo Coast, Brazil

Fibropapillomatosis and the Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 in Green Turtles from West Africa

Evolutionary Comparisons of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) Genomes from Fibropapillomatosis-Afflicted Green (Chelonia mydas), Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) and Kemp’s Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) Sea Turtles

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