Chem-Prep PZT 95/5 for neutron generator applications : development of laboratory-scale powder processing operations.

Montoya, Ted V.; Moore, Roger H.; Spindle, Thomas Lewis

doi:10.2172/918277

2003

DOI: 10.2172/918277

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Chem-Prep PZT 95/5 for neutron generator applications : development of laboratory-scale powder processing operations.

Ted V. Montoya¹,

Roger H. Moore²,

Thomas Lewis Spindle³

Abstract: Chemical synthesis methods are being developed as a future source of PZT 95/5 powder for neutron generator voltage bar applications. Laboratory-scale powder processes were established to produce PZT billets from these powders. The interactions between calcining temperature, sintering temperature, and pore former content were studied to identify the conditions necessary to produce PZT billets of the desired density and grain size. Several binder systems and pressing aids were evaluated for producing uniform sin… Show more

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Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

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Chem-prep PZT95/5 for neutron generator applications : the effect of pore former type and density on the depoling behavior of chemically prepared PZT 95/5 ceramics.

Lockwood¹,

Scofield²,

Yang³

et al. 2003

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The hydrostatically induced ferroelectric(FE)-to-antiferroelectric(AFE) phase transformation for chemically prepared niobium modified PZT 95/5 ceramics was studied as a function of density and pore former type (Lucite or Avicel). Special attention was placed on the effect of different pore formers on the charge release behavior associated with the FE-to-AFE phase transformation. Within the same density range (7.26 g/cm 3 to 7.44 g/cm 3), results showed that ceramics prepared with Lucite pore former exhibit a higher bulk modulus and a sharper polarization release behavior than those prepared with Avicel. In addition, the average transformation pressure was 10.7% greater and the amount of polarization released was 2.1% higher for ceramics with Lucite pore former. The increased transformation pressure was attributed to the increase of bulk modulus associated with Lucite pore former. Data indicated that a minimum volumetric transformational strain of-0.42% was required to trigger the hydrostatically induced FEto-AFE phase transformation. This work has important implications for increasing the high temperature charge output for neutron generator power supply units.

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Chem-prep PZT95/5 for neutron generator applications : the effect of pore former type and density on the depoling behavior of chemically prepared PZT 95/5 ceramics.

Lockwood¹,

Scofield²,

Yang³

et al. 2003

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Chem-prep PZT 95/5 for neutron generator applications : effects of lead stoichiometry on the microstructure and mechanical properties of PZT 95/5.

Yang

Watson

2004

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The microstructure and mechanical properties of niobium-modified lead zirconate titanate (PNZT) 95/5 ceramics, where 95/5 refers to the ratio of lead zirconate to lead titanate, were evaluated as a function of lead (Pb) stoichiometry. Chemically-prepared PNZT 95/5 is produced at Sandia National Laboratories by the Ceramics and Glass Processing Department (14154) for use as voltage elements in ferroelectric neutron generator power supplies. PNZT 95/5 was prepared according to the nominal formulation of Pb 0.991+x (Zr 0.955 Ti 0.045) 0.982 Nb 0.018 O 3+x , where x (-0.0274 ≤ x ≤ 0.0297) refers to the mole fraction of Pb and O that deviated from the stoichiometric value. The Pb concentrations were determined from calcined powders; no adjustments were made to Pb compositions due to weight loss during sintering. The microstructure (second phases, fracture mode and grain size) varied appreciably with Pb stoichiometry, whereas the mechanical properties (hardness, fracture toughness, strength and Weibull parameters) exhibited modest variation. Specimens deficient in Pb, 2.74% (x =-0.0274) and 2.15% (x =-0.02150), had a high area fraction of a zirconia (ZrO 2) second phase on the order of 0.02. As the Pb content in solid solution increased the ZrO 2 content decreased; no ZrO 2 was observed for the specimen containing 2.97% excess Pb (x = 0.0297). Over the range of Pb stoichiometry most specimens fractured predominately transgranularly; however, 2.97% Pb excess PNZT 95/5 fractured predominately intergranularly. No systematic

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Chem-Prep PZT 95/5 for neutron generator applications : development of laboratory-scale powder processing operations.

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Chem-prep PZT95/5 for neutron generator applications : the effect of pore former type and density on the depoling behavior of chemically prepared PZT 95/5 ceramics.

Chem-prep PZT95/5 for neutron generator applications : the effect of pore former type and density on the depoling behavior of chemically prepared PZT 95/5 ceramics.

Chem-prep PZT 95/5 for neutron generator applications : effects of lead stoichiometry on the microstructure and mechanical properties of PZT 95/5.

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