Chemerin—A new adipokine that modulates adipogenesis via its own receptor

Abstract

Chemerin, an 18 kDa protein secreted by adipose tissue, was reported to modulate immune system function through its binding to the chemerin receptor (chemerinR). We herein demonstrate that chemerin also influences adipose cell function. Our data showed 5 that chemerin and chemerinR mRNA expressions were highly expressed in adipose tissues, and that their expression levels were up-regulated in mice fed a high-fat diet. Both chemerin and chemerinR mRNA expression dramatically increased during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and human preadipocytes into adipocytes. Furthermore, recombinant chemerin induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated 10 kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and lipolysis in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Thus, the adipokine chemerin likely regulates adipocyte function by autocrine/paracrine mechanisms.

Differential Patterns of Serum Concentration and Adipose Tissue Expression of Chemerin in Obesity: Adipose Depot Specificity and Gender Dimorphism

“…Furthermore, there have been reports with conflicting results where chemerin expression was examined as a function of insulin sensitivity in response to thiazolidinediones (TZDs). Whereas some studies suggested that using these insulin sensitizers was associated with elevated chemerin expression (Roh et al, 2007), others reported the opposite (Vernochet et al, 2009;. Our results suggest that among the studied group of adult Saudis, chemerin is not a clear marker of insulin resistance.…”

Once fat was fat and that was that : our changing perspectives on adipose tissue

“…63,64 The recently discovered adipokine chemerin 65,66 increases insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes 67 and is essential for normal adipocyte differentiation. 65,66,68 However, it has also been shown to lower glucose tolerance in murine models of obesity/ diabetes 69 and to cause insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle cells, where it was also observed to be pro-inflammatory. 70 Consequently adipose tissue secretes both pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines which modulate metabolism by altering insulin resistance.…”

ChemR23 knockout mice display mild obesity but no deficit in adipocyte differentiation

“…In humans, blood chemerin levels have been described to be correlated with BMI, circulating triglyceride levels, blood pressure, and various other parameters of the metabolic syndrome (Goralski et al 2007, Bozaoglu et al 2009, Mussig et al 2009, Sell et al 2010. In mice, the expression of chemerin in adipocytes is upregulated under a high-fat diet (HFD; Roh et al 2007 and is increased in obese/diabetic db/db mice and in diabetic Psammomys obesus (Goralski et al 2007). The administration of recombinant chemerin has also been reported to reduce glucose uptake, increasing glucose intolerance in db/db mice and diet-induced obesity models .…”