Chemical analysis and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of fruit fractions ofMauritia flexuosaL. f. (Arecaceae)

Abstract

BackgroundFruit consumption is currently considered beyond the nutritional aspects because of the important roles in disease prevention and benefits to health. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical profile and evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of different fractions obtained from fruit pulps of Mauritia flexuosa (MFFs).MethodsInitially, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol fractions were obtained from the pulps. Quantifications of total phenols and flavonoids were performed using the methods of Folin-Ciocalteu and complexation with aluminum chloride, respectively. Standard samples were used to identify and quantify phenolic acids and flavonoids using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD). The antioxidant capacity of the fractions was verified by sequestration of the free radical 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and iron chelating activity. The antimicrobial activity was determined using the microdilution method and the modulating activity was determined using sub-inhibitory concentrations of the fractions in association with antibiotics.ResultsThe chemical analyzes revealed the presence of catechin, caffeic acid, rutin, orientin, quercetin, apigenin, luteolin and kaempferol, where all are present in the ethyl acetate fraction. The fractions exhibited moderate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Candida strains in addition to modulating the activity of conventional antibiotics. The most expressive result was obtained from the association of the chloroform fraction with cefotaxime, which produced a synergistic effect, reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the antibiotic from 1,024 to 256 μg/mL.DiscussionThe fractions presented a constitution rich in phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids. The data obtained demonstrated that the fractions presented moderate antioxidant activity by acting both as primary and secondary antioxidants. The fractions presented antimicrobial and antibiotic potentiating activities, being the first record of modulating effect of fractions of this species against the studied microbial strains, but failed in modulating the activity of antifungal drugs, indicating that this plant has the potential to be used in the development of therapeutic alternatives against resistant bacteria. The constitution phenolic the fractions may be responsible for their pharmacological properties in vitro.

The Flavonoid Metabolite 2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoic Acid Is a CDK Inhibitor and an Anti-Proliferative Agent: A Potential Role in Cancer Prevention

“…They are further classified into blocking agents and suppressing agents depending on their ability to prevent carcinogenesis and suppress neoplastic cell growth respectively [42]. Based on the properties reported for phenolic compounds [43,44] and the results presented in this study, we propose that 2,4,6-THBA can act as both—a blocking and a suppressing agent. Since it is a phenolic compound with multiple hydroxyl groups, it can act as a blocking agent and exert its effect through its anti-oxidant properties [45].…”

Phytochemical screening and DPPH radical scavenging activity of three morphotypes of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. from Peru, and thermal stability of a milk-based beverage enriched with carotenoids from these fruits

“…In our study, the samples were obtained from the same biome (Amazon region). Nonato et al. (2018) also carried out a chemical analysis and evaluation of in vitro antioxidant capacity using different fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol) obtained from the pulp of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. using a Soxhlet extractor.…”

“…In our study, the samples were obtained from the same biome (Amazon region). Nonato et al (2018) also carried out a chemical analysis and evaluation of in vitro antioxidant capacity using different fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol) obtained from the pulp of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. using a Soxhlet extractor. A higher content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds was observed in the ethyl acetate and ethanolic fractions (26.84 and 22.69 μg GAE/g, and 11.82 and 12.47 μg EQE/g; respectively); however, these values were much lower than the ones reported in our research because in the previous study only the lipid fraction of the samples was evaluated.…”

Metabolite Profiling by UPLC-MSE, NMR, and Antioxidant Properties of Amazonian Fruits: Mamey Apple (Mammea Americana), Camapu (Physalis Angulata), and Uxi (Endopleura Uchi)

“…Souza et al [12] identified the phenolic compounds cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, chlorogenic acid, and rutin in Oenocarpus distichus fruits, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It has been reported the presence of catechin, caffeic acid, rutin, orientin, quercetin, apigenin, luteolin, and kaempferol in Mauritia flexuosa L. f. (Arecaceae), another fruit from Amazonian biome [13].…”