Chemical Analysis of Datura Metel Leaves and Investigation of the Acute Toxicity on Grasshoppers and Red Ants

Abstract

The present study was carried out to analyse the inorganic and organic contents in the leaf ofDatura meteland to investigate the acute toxicity at varying concentrations on grasshoppers and red ants. We determined the calcium, magnesium and phosphorous in the ionic state quantitatively and carried out screening tests and solvent extraction using chloroform to find out the presence of organic groups such as alkaloids, flavanoids, saponins and steroids. The concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+and PO43-were found to be (4.28 ± 0.05)×104, (3.86 ± 0.009) ×104, (2.33 ± 0.007)×104and (4.65 ± 0.06)×104ppm respectively. The screening tests confirmed the presence of alkaloids and steroids and the absence of saponins and flavanoids. Increasing concentrations of the plant extracts (2500-15000 ppm) were added to grasshoppers (n = 10) and red ants (n = 10) in an experimental chamber. After 10 minutes of exposure, the numbers of live insects were counted. The results showed the EC50value was 12000 ppm for grasshoppers and 11600 ppm for red ants. Percentage mortality increased from 20-60% with increasing concentrations. Our results indicated that extract ofDatura metelleaves at higher concentrations was more toxic and it can be used as an insecticide against grasshoppers and red ants.

In-Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Combined Extracts of Selected Plants

“…Phytochemical screening: The phytochemical evaluation of Datura stramonium shows the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycosides and terpenoids; which matches with the previous literature [5,6] . The phytochemical evaluation of Hibiscus rosasinensis shows the presence of alkaloids, tannins, glycosides and carbohydrates; which matches with the previous literature [7,8] The phytochemical evaluation of Saccharum officinarum shows the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycosides and terpenoids; which matches with the previous literature [9][10][11] .…”

Botanicals, selective insecticides, and predators to control Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in citrus orchards

“…Tropane another botanical insecticide tested in this study was also effective against ACP although little less compared to Azadirachtin. Kuganathan and Ganeshalingam () evaluated the acute toxicity of varying concentrations of Datura metel on grasshoppers and red ants and found EC 50 values of 12 000 and 11 600 ppm, respectively. Percentage mortality increased from 20% to 60% with increasing concentrations confirming the insecticidal potential of Datura.…”

Keefektifan ekstrak daun kecubung (Datura metel L.) dalam menghambat penetasan dan siklus hidup Aedes aegypti L.

“…(Tabel 4). (Kuganathan & Ganeshalingam 2011). Ekstrak daun kecubung mengandung zat flavonoid yang bersifat juvenil hormon yang mampu mempengaruhi titer hormon juvenil dalam tubuh Ae.…”

“…Key words: Aedes aegypti, biochemical insecticide, datura leave, Datura metel PENDAHULUAN Kecubung (Datura metel L) merupakan jenis tanaman perdu yang mempunyai batang kayu, keras, dan tebal. Tanaman kecubung mengandung senyawa kimia alkaloid, saponin, flavonoida, dan fenol yang terdapat di dalam biji, bunga, dan daunnya (Kuganathan & Ganeshalingam 2011;Alabri et al 2014). Alkaloid dalam tanaman kecubung terbanyak terdapat di dalam akar dan biji dengan kadar antara 0,4-0,9%, sedangkan dalam daun dan bunga antara 0,2-0,3%.…”

“…Alkaloid dalam tanaman kecubung terbanyak terdapat di dalam akar dan biji dengan kadar antara 0,4-0,9%, sedangkan dalam daun dan bunga antara 0,2-0,3%. Kandungan alkaloid tanaman kecubung dalam masing-masing organ bervariasi, pada daun muda 0,813%, daun tua 0,038%, dan bunga 0,2% (Kuganathan & Ganeshalingam 2011;Schmelzer et al 2008).…”