Chemical and absorption signatures of Xiao Chai Hu Tang

Du, Ting; Zhang, Min; Chen, Li; Cao, Zheng; Cai, H J; Yang, Guangde

doi:10.1002/rcm.8114

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…After optimizing the mass spectrometer parameters, the total ion flow chromatograms of BC and VBC extracts under the negative ion scanning mode were collected, as shown in Figure 1 a–c. A total of fifty–two compounds were identified using a literature investigation, database search, fragmentation mode analysis, and standard comparison, including forty–five SSs, five flavonoids, one phenylpropanoid, and one lignan, as shown in Table 1 [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saikosaponin A and Its Epimers Alleviate LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice

et al. 2023

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The purpose of this work was to illustrate the effect of processing with vinegar on saikosaponins of Bupleurum chinense DC. (BC) and the protective effects of saikosaponin A (SSA), saikosaponin b1 (SSb1), saikosaponin b2 (SSb2), and saikosaponin D (SSD) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mice. We comprehensively evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects and potential mechanisms of SSA, SSb1, SSb2, and SSD through an LPS-induced ALI model using intratracheal injection. The results showed that SSA, SSb1, SSb2, and SSD significantly decreased pulmonary edema; reduced the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in serum and lung tissues; alleviated pulmonary pathological damage; and decreased the levels of the IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β genes and the expression of NF-κB/TLR4-related proteins. Interestingly, they were similar in structure, but SSb2 had a better anti-inflammatory effect at the same dose, according to a principal component analysis. These findings indicated that it may not have been comprehensive to only use SSA and SSD as indicators to evaluate the quality of BC, especially as the contents of SSb1 and SSb2 in vinegar-processed BC were significantly increased.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saikosaponin A and Its Epimers Alleviate LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice

et al. 2023

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“…XG is a mixture of multiple herbs and thus has a wide range of complex and diverse chemical components [ 24 – 27 ]. The determination of saikosaponins is difficult because of the low content and multicomponent mutual interference in XG.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Determination of 7 Saikosaponins in Xiaochaihu Granules Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Charged Aerosol Detection

Liu

Yang

et al. 2021

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

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Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, in Chinese) is the principal drug in Xiaochaihu granules (XGs) that is a famous Chinese medicine preparation in China. Since previous analytical methods have not focused on the multiactive saikosaponins of Chaihu, it is difficult to effectively control the quality of XG on the market. In this manuscript, the simultaneous determination of 7 saikosaponins (saikosaponins C, I, H, A, B2, G, and B1) in XG by HPLC with charged aerosol detection (CAD) and confirmation by LC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS were described. The saikosaponins were purified on an SPE cartridge and determined on a Waters CORTECTS C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 2.7 μm) by gradient elution using 0.01% acetic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile. The results showed good linearity with the r2 values higher than 0.998 for all analytes. The average recoveries at three different concentration levels ranged from 80% to 109% and the intraday and interday precision (relative standard deviations, RSD%) were in the range of 1.0%∼1.9% and 1.4%∼2.1%, respectively. The established HPLC-CAD method was subsequently applied to 15 batches of XG to investigate the batch-to-batch consistency and controllability. The proposed method could potentially be used for the quality control of XG and also be helpful in the quality evaluation of Chaihu and its related preparations.

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“…The Caco-2 cell line model is a more complex model than PAMPA but has the advantage of evidencing active transport mechanisms [ 14 ]. It has been used to evaluate the absorption of NPs alone [ 15 , 16 ] or from their source plants, including mixtures of plants [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The main limitations of Caco-2 cell line are the absence of the different characteristics of each intestinal segment (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), the low level of the main enzyme of phase 1 metabolism (P450 CYP3A4), and the overexpression of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Porcine Jejunum Ex Vivo to Study Absorption and Biotransformation of Natural Products in Plant Extracts: Pueraria lobata as a Case Study

et al. 2021

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Herbal preparations (HPs) used in folk medicine are complex mixtures of natural products (NPs). Their efficacy in vivo after ingestion depends on the uptake of the active ingredient, and, in some cases, their metabolites, in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, correlating bioactivities measured in vitro and efficacy in vivo is a challenge. An extract of Pueraria lobata rich in different types of isoflavones was used to evaluate the capacity of viable porcine small intestine ex vivo to elucidate the absorption of HP constituents, and, in some cases, their metabolites. The identification and transport of permeants across the jejunum was monitored by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), combining targeted and untargeted metabolite profiling approaches. It was observed that the C-glycoside isoflavones were stable and crossed the intestinal membrane, while various O-glycoside isoflavones were metabolized into their corresponding aglycones, which were then absorbed. These results are consistent with human data, highlighting the potential of using this approach. A thorough investigation of the impact of absorption and biotransformation was obtained without in vivo studies. The combination of qualitative untargeted and quantitative targeted LC-MS methods effectively monitored a large number of NPs and their metabolites, which is essential for research on HPs.

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Chemical and absorption signatures of Xiao Chai Hu Tang

Abstract: These identified compounds could be used to characterize quality of XCHT and those absorbed compounds with decent permreabiliteis are the potential active components in XCHT. Future pharmacodynamics studies should focus on these absorbed compounds.

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Saikosaponin A and Its Epimers Alleviate LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice

Saikosaponin A and Its Epimers Alleviate LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice

Quantitative Determination of 7 Saikosaponins in Xiaochaihu Granules Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Charged Aerosol Detection

Using Porcine Jejunum Ex Vivo to Study Absorption and Biotransformation of Natural Products in Plant Extracts: Pueraria lobata as a Case Study

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