Chemical and Antioxidant Profile of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Stachys Officinalis L., Stachys Palustris L., Stachys Sylvatica L. from Romania

Abstract

Stachys officinalis L., Stachys palustris L., Stachys sylvatica L. (Lamiaceae) are widely used as herbal remedies. In this study, comparative assessment of the phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanin, and tannins content, together with antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained from flowers, leaves and stems was performed. Phenolic acids determined by the HPLC method reached highest values in flower extract of S. palustris, stem extract of S. officinalis, and leaf extracts of S. sylvatica. Flavonoids were found at values exceeding 100 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g dry weights in all three species, based on the spectrophotometric method. Anthocyanins were detectable only in extracts from flowers. S. officinalis stood out for the highest content of anthocyanins and tannins. Antioxidant activity was present in all three species studied, with S. palustris standing out for the most intense ferric reducing antioxidant power. The results obtained lead to the validation of applicability of these plants for curative and food purposes, given their variety and richness in bioactive compounds and antioxidants.

Anthelminthic and antimicrobial effects of hedge woundwort (Stachys sylvatica L.) growing in Southern Kazakhstan

“…These extracts were rich in phenolic metabolites, including chlorogenic acid. The content of polyphenols in flowers, leaves and stems differed greatly, being 2119.69, 333.25 and 113.38 μg/g, respectively ( Apostolescu et al, 2023 ; Di Stasi et al, 2023 ).…”

“…The chemical profile obtained for the investigated SSE partially differs from other S. sylvatica L. extracts, where all investigated samples were derived from plants growing in Europe (Italy or Romania). Phenolcarboxylic acids, mostly chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid, are often found metabolites in S. sylvatica L. ( Apostolescu et al, 2023 ; Benedec et al, 2023 ; Di Stasi et al, 2023 ). While in our extract chlorogenic acid was found, no remaining two acids were identified.…”

“…S. sylvatica L. growth area in Kazakhstan includes Altai, Tarbagatai, the Dzungarian Alatau and the ridges of the Northern Tian Shan: Zailiysky, Kungei, Terskei Alatau and Ketmen. S. sylvatica L. prefers wet and shady forest areas, the banks of rivers and streams, often places situated at high altitudes ( Hajdari et al, 2012 ; Alizadeh et al, 2020 ; Apostolescu et al, 2023 ).…”

“…Among the most biologically active secondary metabolites, there are polyphenols, iridoids, terpenoids, fatty acids, alkaloids, triterpenes and many others, represented by more than 200 metabolites ( Bilušić, 2019 ; Tomou et al, 2020 ). However, there are only scarce data on Stachys sylvatica L. derived mostly from Balkan Peninsula region ( Hajdari et al, 2012 ; Jassbi et al, 2014 ; Dimitrova et al, 2015 ; Bilušić, 2019 ; Apostolescu et al, 2023 ; Di Stasi et al, 2023 ).…”