Chemical and Biological Diversity in Fourteen Selections of Four Ocimum Species

Abstract

T 13) and O. kilimandscharicum Baker ex. Guerke (selection: T 14)] were investigated. O. basilicum selections T 9 (methyl chavicol: 87.0%) and T 10 {(Z)-and (E)-methyl cinnamate: 69.1%} produced higher biomass (67.8 and 56.7 t/ha) and oil (203.4 and 141.7 kg/ha) yields relative to 8 (T 1-T 8) linalool (up to 58.9%), or methyl chavicol (up to 61.8%) rich selections. O. gratissimum selection T 12 (eugenol: 84.1%, 254.6 kg/ha oil yield) was significantly superior to T 11 (62.1% eugenol and 18.4% camphor). O. tenuiflorum (T 13 , methyl eugenol: 72.5%) and O. kilimandscharicum (T 14 , camphor: 51.7%) produced 171.7 and 96.2 kg/ha essential oil, respectively. The essential oils exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial (against 5 Gram-positive and 7 Gram-negative bacteria) and antifungal (against 10 fungi) activities. The bacterial species Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis, and the fungal species Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum gypseum, and Sporothrix schenckii were more sensitive to the essential oils.

Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Tagetes minuta and Ocimum basilicum essential oils

“…Considering high concentration of methylchavicol (78%) in essential oil of O. basilicum and showing broad spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activities ( Rao et al. ), our results, as we expected, exhibited high antimicrobial activities.…”

“…Previously identified major compounds of OBO are methylchavicol, gitoxigenin, trimethoquinol, b-guaiene, aciphyllene, alizarin, naphthaline, caryophyllene and mequinol (Hossain et al 2010). Considering high concentration of methylchavicol (78%) in essential oil of O. basilicum and showing broad spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activities (Rao et al 2011), our results, as we expected, exhibited high antimicrobial activities.…”

“…Previous study reported the main components of TMO were b-ocimene, dihydrotagetone, tagetone, Z-ocimene and E-ocimene (Rao et al 2011;Venancio et al 2011;Verma et al 2012). Therefore, the plants analyzed in this research had roughly same components with other previously analyzed essential oils, however, showed important differences in their quality and quantity of components.…”

“…According to previous studies, the most abundant components in OBO are phenol‐containing monoterpenes (methylchavicol), alcoholic monoterpenes (linalool, geraniol, nerol), acyclic monoterpene aldehyde (geranial, neral), cyclic ether monoterpenes (1, 8‐cineole) and carbure bicyclic sesquiterpene (caryophyllene) (Rao et al. ; Venancio et al. ; Verma et al.…”

“…Several studies have also described antifungal activities of OBO against C. albicans, Penicillium natum, A. niger and Microsporum gyseum (Siddiqui et al 2012). Essential oils from O. basilicum (methylchavicol 78%), O. gratissimum (eugenol 84%), O. tenuiflorum (methyeugenol 72%) and O. kilimandscharicum (camphor 51.7%) were exhibited broad spectrum antifungal activities (Rao et al 2011). The effects of essential oils from sweet O. basilicum (linalool 65%) on fungal decay and quality parameters of the Thompson seedless table grape were evaluated.…”