Chemical and Biological Properties of Paddy Soil Treated with Herbicides and Pyroligneous Acid

Abstract

In this study, the effect of different herbicide x pyroligenous acid mixtures on soil chemical and biological properties was evaluated in order to elucidate its potential impacts on nutrient availability and soil quality. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions consisted of 100-fold diluted wood vinegar (100 WV), 50% BCB (Bentazone cyhalofop-butyl), 100% BCB, 50% BCB+100 WV, 50% BCB+250 WV and 50% BCB+500 WV applied against Echinochloa crusgalli. Ten days after herbicide application, the chemical properties were altered and the changes were influenced by the amount of WV dilutions. The soil pH was near neutral to slightly alkaline coupled with decreased electrical conductivity (EC). The total carbon, available phosphorous, exchangeable magnesium, exchangeable sodium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable potassium and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were relatively lower compared to the control. Biolog TM assay showed that different treatments resulted to variable microbial activity, Shannon-Weaver index and richness of carbon utilization potential. Principal component analysis showed segregation of samples based on extracted principal components indicating variable carbon utilization potential due to different treatments combination. Correlation analysis between soil and microbial properties revealed that Principal Component 2 has negative correlation with pH and available P. On the other hand, Principal Component 3 was positively correlated with total C, exch. Ca, Mg, Na, and CEC (0.475, 0.490, 0.555, 0.489, and 0.517, respectively). Application of pyroligneous acid combined with herbicides resulted to changes in soil chemical and biological characteristics which may have unique implications on nutrient availability and overall soil quality.

Determination of exchangeable cations and residual concentration of herbicide treated soils and analysis of the in-vitro biodegradation of the herbicides

“…The reduction in concentration of some soil minerals (K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Na + ) in this study might have occurred as a result of leaching of the minerals in solution and the degradation of the herbicides consequent upon the utilisation of these soil minerals by soil microbes and also their resultant uptake by plants. Benzon et al (2015) reported that the data on available P, exchangeable Mg, Na, Ca, and K. CEC showed no significant difference among treatments. They also reported that relatively lower values were obtained compared to the control.…”

Effect of Reaction-Finished Solution of Hydrochar (HRFS) Application on Rice Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Saline Soil

“…2B). Previous studies have shown that humic acid liquid fertilizer can (1) regulate the soil N cycle, (2) improve crop NUE and (3) promote crop yield [27][28][29]. Humus and a variety of small molecular organic acids probably play a major role in stimulating nutrient and organic carbon contents in the soil [24].…”

Perspective Chapter: Recent Advances in Nanotechnology, Nanomaterials, Nanofertilizers and Smart Farming

“…Nanofertilizers increase the absorption capacity of plant roots which leads to increased photosynthesis and improved crop production [12]. Benzon et al [13] showed that the application of nanofertilizer to rice plants led to an increment in both total phenolics content and antioxidants which increased plant nutrition and enhanced crop productivity.…”