Chemical and Biological Study of Cladosporin, an Antimicrobial Inhibitor: A Review

Abstract

Natural antifungal agents are generally broad-spectrum compounds with low mammalian and environmental toxicity. Cladosporin is a naturally occurring fungal metabolite mainly isolated from the endophytic fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides. This review article summarizes the chemistry and biological properties of cladosporin covering references published from 1971-2016, including the source, phytochemical characterization, biosynthesis, total synthesis, structure and activity (SAR), and biological activity of cladosporin. Cladosporin exhibited potent antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as plant growth regulatory effects. More importantly, cladosporin was identified as having potent, nanomolar, antiparasitic activity against both Plasmodium falciparum blood and liver stages via specific inhibition of protein synthesis. This provides a new approach for the design of isocoumarinbased compounds for the treatment of malaria. Herbicidal activity and antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans (IC 50 value of 17.7 μg/mL) of cladosporin are also described here in the review for the first time. Cladosporin selectively inhibited the growth of a monocot (agostis) and showed no activity against a dicot (lettuce), which indicates its great potential as a selective herbicide for monocots in agriculture use. The above data suggest that cladosporin has great potential utility as a lead compound in the development of agrochemicals against certain plant pathogens and pharmaceuticals against drug-resistant bacteria and parasites.

The biological process of lysine‐tRNA charging is therapeutically targetable in liver cancer

“…33 In this study, we tested a specific pharmacological KARS inhibitor cladosporin, an antifungal antibiotic isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides and Aspergillus flavus. 35,36 We found that cladosporin can effectively inhibit the growth of HCC cell lines and CC organoids, consistent with the results from KARS knockdown and lysine deprivation. Interestingly, the responsiveness to lysine deprivation or cladosporin varies among CC organoids derived from different patients.…”

“…With respect to oncology, ARSs represent overlooked targets for therapeutic development against cancer 33 . In this study, we tested a specific pharmacological KARS inhibitor cladosporin, an antifungal antibiotic isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides and Aspergillus flavus 35,36 . We found that cladosporin can effectively inhibit the growth of HCC cell lines and CC organoids, consistent with the results from KARS knockdown and lysine deprivation.…”

Fungi as Potential Biocontrol Agents Against Convolvulus arvensis and Portulaca oleracea Infesting the Agroecosystems of Egypt

“…The potential use of Cladosporium sp. in weed control was recorded in several previous studies (Kumar et al, 2009;Waqas et al, 2013;Lu et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2016). C. cladosporioides is a common airborne saprobe which wasn't recorded to cause any serious health problems.…”

“…It was recorded as a bioactive agent against several pests including toxigenic fungi, weed and mites. Thus, it was considered as a promising candidate for biological pest control (Chalfoun et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2016;Gámez-Guzmán et al, 2019).…”

“…The LC-MS/ MS analysis of C. cladosporioides MN094461.1 crude organic extract revealed the presence of 11 active phenolic compounds mostly related to cladosporin, benzoic acid and viriditoxin derivatives. Cladosporin was first isolated and studied by Scott et al (1971) and a recent study carried out by Wang et al (2016) concluded that Cladosporin is a promising naturally occurring fungal metabolite mainly isolated from C. cladosporioides, which was proved to be a potent antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal and antiinflammatory agent. Besides, the authors reported also that cladosporin selectively inhibited the growth of Agrostis (bentgrass) and showed no activity against lettuce, which indicates its great potential as a selective bio-herbicide.…”