Chemical and electrochemical depositions of platinum group metals and their applications

Rao, C. Raghavendra; Trivedi, D.C.

doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2004.08.015

Cited by 424 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 68 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

288

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A small value of βx indicates poor stability of metal complex whereas a highly stable complex is indicated by a large equilibrium constant [22,23,24]. Hence, complexation of palladium is required in order to increase the solubility and stability of the electrolyte and to lower the reduction potential [5,25].…”

Section: Fundamentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition the complex also has sensible reduction potential [5]. Therefore, the electrolyte solution composed of PdCl 2 (source of palladium) and NH 3 (ligand) is the standard palladium electrolyte [6,26]. The combination of PdCl2, NH3 complexing agent, and…”

Section: Fundamentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the most widely used palladium electrolyte for industrial and commercial Pd electrodeposition process is this ammoniacal system [5,6].…”

Section: Fundamentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lead containing solder has been replaced by Pd-plated leadframe since palladium was used to substitute gold as a top layer of Ni/Au to be Ni/Pd leadframe [2,3,4]. Palladium in micro-fabricated devices performs equal functionality or even better than gold so that it has become a choice since 1970's [5,6]. In addition, the metallisation cost for microdevices would be considerably reduced due to the use of palladium as the price per volume of palladium is less expensive than gold [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Electrochemical polarisation behaviour of palladium electrolyte in a mixed system of Pd/Ni/Cu

Widayatno

2018

AIP Conference Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The possibility of Pd-plated leadframe fabrication using maskless method was investigated. Palladium metallisation was carried out using a maskless electrochemical patterning process on a substrate of copper disc with deposited nickel pattern on its surface. An appropriate palladium electrolyte required for such system has been previously prepared. Onset potential and current densities for palladium deposition was determined. However, palladium pattern deposit could not be obtained, as the substrates were always entirely covered by palladium. This might be due to an instantaneous palladium deposition caused by displacement reaction between Pd and Cu/Ni. Therefore, a set of voltammetry experiments has been carried out to study polarisation behaviours of the mixed system Pd/Ni/Cu in a threeelectrode RDE system. These experiments were aimed to determine onset potential of palladium deposition at which displacement reaction could be avoided. However, polarisation curves especially for those of palladium and copper indicate that it was not possible to deposit palladium with no copper dissolution. At any potential where palladium deposition was possibly to occur, it was always accompanied by copper dissolution.

show abstract

Section: Fundamentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fundamentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the most widely used palladium electrolyte for industrial and commercial Pd electrodeposition process is this ammoniacal system [5,6].…”

Section: Fundamentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electrochemical polarisation behaviour of palladium electrolyte in a mixed system of Pd/Ni/Cu

Widayatno

2018

AIP Conference Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since the pioneering work by Attard and co-workers [1], [2], ordered mesoporous metals prepared by supramolecular assembly of surfactants as structure-directing agents have attracted interest in applications where solid/gas and solid/liquid interface plays an important role, in particular, catalysis and electrochemistry [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Precise control in the pore structure, such as pore size, wall thickness, and pore connection, of such ordered mesoporous materials should allow high rates of mass transport, an essential aspect for many applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of ordered mesoporous ruthenium by lyotropic liquid crystals and its electrochemical conversion to mesoporous ruthenium oxide with high surface area

Sugimoto

Makino

Mukai

et al. 2012

Journal of Power Sources

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In ordered to prepare high capacitance pseudo-capacitive oxides, it is important to design nanostructures with appreciable mesopores. Supramolecular templating has become a popular method to synthesize ordered mesoporous metals; however, the application of the same technique to synthesis of high surface area oxides is more demanding. We present here, the synthesis of ordered mesoporous ruthenium metal by lyotropic liquid crystal templating and its electrochemical conversion to ordered mesoporous ruthenium oxide by a simple, room temperature procedure. The bulk, unsupported metallic ordered mesoporous ruthenium exhibits high surface area of 110 m 2 g -1 , which is comparable to typical supported Ru nanoparticles. The oxide analogue gives a high specific capacitance of 376 F g -1 , owing to the porous structure. These results demonstrate a possible facile and generic process to synthesize oxides with ordered nanostructures by utilization of the various phases that can be obtained with lyotropic liquid crystalline templates such as cubic, hexagonal, lamellar, etc. comparable to state-of-the-art, supported ruthenium nanoparticles.► Ordered mesoporous ruthenium was electrochemically converted to its oxide analogue, with high specific capacitance.

show abstract

Noble Metals, Analytical Chemistry of

Balcerzak

2015

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Attractive physical, chemical, and biological properties of the noble (precious) metals – ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum (so‐called platinum group metals (PGMs)) and gold – result in their wide applications. The main demands for the metals are from autocatalysts; chemical, electrical, and electronic industries; and jewelry and investment. Medical applications of some noble metal compounds, in particular those exhibiting anticancer activity, are of great importance. A large variety and complexity of the examined (geological, environmental, industrial, and biological) materials, great chemical similarities and low stability of the noble metal species in solutions, and wide concentration ranges (from sub‐ppb to >99.99%) to be determined make the accurate determination of the metals a difficult analytical problem. Identification and quantification, both of elemental and molecular forms of the metals, in the examined samples require methods capable of separation of the analytes from the interfering matrix components and their detection. The choice of a suitable sample preparation procedure and its successful coupling with the detection technique of required selectivity and sensitivity are fundamental factors limiting the quality of the results. Analytical methods applicable in the analysis of the noble metal samples are presented in this chapter.

show abstract

Chemical and electrochemical depositions of platinum group metals and their applications

Cited by 424 publications

References 68 publications

Electrochemical polarisation behaviour of palladium electrolyte in a mixed system of Pd/Ni/Cu

Electrochemical polarisation behaviour of palladium electrolyte in a mixed system of Pd/Ni/Cu

Synthesis of ordered mesoporous ruthenium by lyotropic liquid crystals and its electrochemical conversion to mesoporous ruthenium oxide with high surface area

Noble Metals, Analytical Chemistry of

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About