Chemical and electrochemical recycling of the nickel, cobalt, zinc and manganese from the positives electrodes of spent Ni–MH batteries from mobile phones

Santos, V.E.O.; Celante, V.G.; Lelis, M.F.F.; Freitas, M.B.J.G.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.07.024

Cited by 54 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Secondary batteries mainly include Ni‐Cd, Ni‐MH, Li‐ion, and Pb‐acid batteries (Santos et al. ). Pb‐acid batteries can be easily distinguished from other types of batteries based on their size and shape (Granata et al.…”

Section: Methodology and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Waste Battery Generation and Analysis of the Waste Battery Recycling System in China

Song¹,

Chen

et al. 2016

J of Industrial Ecology

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SummaryChina produces and consumes a large amount of batteries annually, which leads to many waste batteries needing to be recycled. The collection and recycling system of primary, alkaline secondary, and lithium-ion secondary batteries in China is particularly poor, and waste battery recycling enterprises generally sustain economic losses if they solely use waste batteries as raw materials. Increasing the profits of waste battery recycling systems is a key problem that needs to be considered. This article quantitatively analyzes waste battery generation in China by using annual sales data and probable lifetime distribution of various batteries. The results show that the rapid growth of battery usage has led to an increased generation of waste batteries and the percentage of different types of waste batteries is changing over time. In 2013, the total quantity of all waste batteries in the medium lifetime scenario reached 570 kilotons, of which primary, alkaline secondary, and lithium-ion secondary waste batteries accounted for approximately 36%, 28%, and 35%, respectively. Based on a real-world case study of a typical domestic waste battery recycling enterprise in China, material flow analysis and cost-benefit analysis were conducted to study the development of the recycling process of comingled waste batteries. Through scenario analysis, we conclude that increasing the use of waste batteries as raw materials and the recycling of other materials that are less valuable reduces the profits of the waste battery recycling enterprise. Higher profits can be achieved by adding the production of high valueadded downstream products and government support. At the same time, the essential role of the government in developing a waste battery recycling system was identified. Finally, relevant suggestions are made for improvements in both the government and enterprise sectors.

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Section: Methodology and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Waste Battery Generation and Analysis of the Waste Battery Recycling System in China

Song¹,

Chen

et al. 2016

J of Industrial Ecology

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“…At present, numerous studies have been carried out on recycling spent alkaline batteries, such as chemical precipitation [3], ion exchange [4], leaching and extraction [5,6], and electrochemical methods [7], etc., which can be summarized into two categories: pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes [8]. Pyrometallurgical processes are neithor easy to control nor flexible, and they are high energy-consumers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MnZn ferrite synthesized by sol–gel auto-combustion and microwave digestion routes using spent alkaline batteries

Yang

Liu

2015

Ceramics International

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“…In chemical analysis, metal chelation followed by solvent extraction and spectrophotometric detection is the preferred mode of analysis for a number of metal ions [7][8][9] . Due to its rapidity, simplicity and wide applications, pyrazolon azo forms colored water insoluble complexes with a large number of metal ions 10 At present, a lot of analytical methods have been proposed for the determination of nickel(II), including, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP -MS) 11 , atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) 12 , solid-phase extraction 13 and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry 14 show good sensitivity but is limited because of expensive instrumentation and high cost for routine analysis. According to the best of our knowledge, this reagent has not been reported in the literature as being used for any cation determination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amount of Nickel(II) in Tea Leaves Sample by Using Antipyriyl azo-2,7-naphthalendiol as New Reagent

2014

Chem Sci Trans

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Abstract:A new, simple, sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of trace amount of nickel(II). The method is based on the formation of a 1:2 complex with 1-(4 ′ -pyrazolon azo) 2,7-naphthalendiol (1-APANDOL) as a new reagent is developed . The complex has a maximum absorption at 514 nm and ε max of 2.0x10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 . A linear correlation (0.1-2.0 μg mL -1 ) was found between absorbance at λ max and concentration. The accuracy and reproducibility of the determination method for various known amounts of nickel(II) were tested. The results obtained are both precise (RSD was better than 0.63%) and accurate (relative error was better than 0.2%). The effect of diverse ions on the determination of nickel(II) to investigate the selectivity of the method were also studied. The stability constant of the product was 0.13x10 8 L mol -1 . The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of synthetic mixtures and tea sample without any preliminary concentration or separation.

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Chemical and electrochemical recycling of the nickel, cobalt, zinc and manganese from the positives electrodes of spent Ni–MH batteries from mobile phones

Cited by 54 publications

References 21 publications

Estimation of Waste Battery Generation and Analysis of the Waste Battery Recycling System in China

Estimation of Waste Battery Generation and Analysis of the Waste Battery Recycling System in China

MnZn ferrite synthesized by sol–gel auto-combustion and microwave digestion routes using spent alkaline batteries

Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amount of Nickel(II) in Tea Leaves Sample by Using Antipyriyl azo-2,7-naphthalendiol as New Reagent

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