Chemical and electrochemical synthesis of conducting graft copolymer of vinyl acetate with pyrrole and studies of its gas and vapor sensing

Hosseini, Seyyed Hossein; Entezami, Ali Akbar

doi:10.1002/app.12483

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…By recording the response frequency change of a conducting polymer film coated quartz microbalance, water vapor, hydrocarbon, acetone, organic acids, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX compounds) can be detected [ 90 - 94 ]. Besides, The mass increase measurement is usually combined with other techniques to give additional information in sensing processes [ 95 - 97 ]. Nigorikawa and Hwang, used PPy and PPy-based composite film respectively, successfully recognized different molecules based on the ( ΔR / Δf ) value, where ΔR and Δf are the resistance change of the film and response frequency change of the crystal [ 98 , 99 ].…”

Section: Sensing Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers

Bai

Shi

2007

Sensors

1,398

791

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The gas sensors fabricated by using conducting polymers such as polyaniline (PAni), polypyrrole (PPy) and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as the active layers have been reviewed. This review discusses the sensing mechanism and configurations of the sensors. The factors that affect the performances of the gas sensors are also addressed. The disadvantages of the sensors and a brief prospect in this research field are discussed at the end of the review.

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Section: Sensing Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers

Bai

Shi

2007

Sensors

1,398

791

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“…The percentage of grafting in the copolymer was calculated using three methods: (i) by integration of the area under the peak;23 (ii) by gravimetry;24 and (iii) by measurement of the percentage of nitrogen in the copolymer 11, 18, 20, 25. The integration of the area under the peak in the 1 H NMR spectrum of PAN‐ co ‐PAIPD shows that nitrile groups were converted into imine phenylenediamine groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The common usage of this material has been restricted due to its insolubility, infusibility, modest environmental stability, and incompatibility with common polymers due to the rigid chain originating from an extended conjugated double bond which renders it unprocessable 7. In order to improve the processability of PANi various approaches have been developed: (i) the utilization of a soluble ‘precursor’ method, in which a processable precursor polymer is first prepared in an appropriate form and then chemically converted into the final conducting polymer;8, 9 (ii) the formation of conductive blends/composites;10–14 (iii) the formation of PANi‐filled interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs);15–17 and (iv) the copolymerization method, in which processable graft, block, or random conductive copolymers are prepared 18–20. Obviously, materials with relatively high conductivity can be prepared by method (i).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and electrochemical synthesis of conducting graft copolymer of acrylonitrile with aniline

Hosseini

Dabiri

Ashrafi

2006

Polymer International

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A new conducting copolymer, polyacrylonitrile-graft-polyaniline (PAN-g-PANi), has been prepared by chemical and electrochemical methods from a precursor polymer. Poly[acrylonitrile-co-(acrylimine phenylenediamine)] (PAN-co-PAIPD) was synthesized chemically by reacting PAN with sodium 1,4phenylenediamine salt. PAN-g-PANi was synthesized chemically using ammonium peroxydisulfate as the oxidant and p-toluenesulfonic acid in dimethylsulfoxide solution and adding aniline to oxidized PAN-co-PAIPD. Electrochemical polymerization was carried out by spin coating PAN-co-PAIPD on the surface of a Pt electrode, then the growth of the graft copolymer (PAN-g-PANi) in the presence of fresh aniline and acidic solution. The structures of the graft copolymer and PAN-co-PAIPD were characterized using UV-visible, Fourier transform infrared, and 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopies. The thermal properties of PAN-g-PANi were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the morphology of PAN-g-PANi copolymer films was homogeneous. Electrical conductivity of the copolymer was studied using the four-probe method, which gave a conductivity of 4.5 × 10 −3 S cm −1 with 51.4% PANi. SEM and electrical conductivity measurements supported the formation of the graft copolymer.

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“…Ferrocyanide,7 RuO 4 2− ,8 and sulfonated9 and carboxylated porphyrins of cobalt,10 iron, and manganese, as well as phthalocyanines of cobalt11 and iron,12 sulfonated dyes,13 and heteropolyanions,14 have been incorporated as dopants. To accomplish the covalent grafting, a suitable monomer is synthesized and subsequently electropolymerized 15–17. Bidan et al18 prepared electroactive films of polypyrrole (PPy) containing complexing cavities preformed by entwining ligands on some of metallic centers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Preparation electroactive film of (n‐pyrrolyl)1,1‐methane dihydroxamic acid and its derivative containing complexing cavities preformed by entwining ligands on metallic centers

Hosseini¹

2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The (N-pyrrolyl)1,1-methane dihydroxamic acid have been synthesized from its N-substituted ester group derivative, then chemically polymerized in the presence of oxidants such as ammonium persulphate and Iron (III) perchlorate for hydroxamic acid and ester groups derivatives, respectively. This compound and its ester group derivative was successfully electropolymerized by a cyclic voltammetry method. New functionalized polypyrrole films containing transition metal complexes have been prepared and studied. The strategy is based on the threedimensional template effect of a metal center (Cu II , Ni II , Cr III , Fe III ) able to entwine two and three end functionalized chelating ligand before or after polymerization. The used ligand consists of a methyl dihydroxamic acid bearing one pyrrole nuclei. The rigidity of the polymer matrix is sufficient to allow demetalation of the template center (by CN 2 or SCN 2 ) without collapse of the three-dimensional structure. Such property is related to the expected complex topology of the material prepared. The organic backbone certainly contains interlocking rings and various network substructures. The polymer matrix thus keeps a little memory of the templating metal used for building it. Fe(III) ion turned out to be the most convenient template during the polymer electrosynthesis and seemed to lead to the most structured network. The various complexes obtained using electrochemical synthesis method display electrochemical properties analogous to those of the corresponding catenate in solution. All complexes in low oxidation states are remarkably stabilized by the entwined and entangled system. The conductivity of these polymers and it metal complexes were measured using four-probe method.

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Chemical and electrochemical synthesis of conducting graft copolymer of vinyl acetate with pyrrole and studies of its gas and vapor sensing

Abstract: Copolymers in general exhibit physical and mechanical properties far different from those of homopolymers and different from those of blends of the same individual homopolymers.

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers

Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers

Chemical and electrochemical synthesis of conducting graft copolymer of acrylonitrile with aniline

Preparation electroactive film of (n‐pyrrolyl)1,1‐methane dihydroxamic acid and its derivative containing complexing cavities preformed by entwining ligands on metallic centers

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