Chemical and electrochemical synthesis of crosslinked aniline sulfide resin

Abstract

A strategy was used to control the crosslinking of polyaniline (PANi) to allow the synthesis of high-molecular-weight, conductive copolymers. Aniline sulfide resin (ASR) was synthesized by the reaction of aniline and sulfide dichloride. Crosslinked ASR (ASC) was prepared in the presence of ammonium peroxydisulfate and aniline in an aqueous solution as the oxidant and monomer, respectively. The graft copolymer was obtained by oxidizing aniline on ASR in the presence of an initiator and an excess amount of aniline, in which the aniline was oxidized to form PANi through a radical cation mechanism. By changing the ratio of ASR to aniline during the polymerization reaction, it was possible to control the number of crosslinked sites, the electrical conductivity, the molecular weight and the solubility. The structure was characterized by spectroscopic data. The method introduced here describes a strategy for controlling the molecular weight of PANi and in turn its physical properties. This approach may be extended to the synthesis and modification of other polymers. Electropolymerization was carried out by coating ASR on the surface of a glassy carbon disk electrode and then growing this on graft copolymer ASC in the presence of fresh aniline and an acidic solution. The electrical conductivity of ASC was studied by a four-point probe method and produced a conductivity of 8.5Â10 À3 S cm -1 .

Elemental sulphur in the synthesis of sulphur-containing polymers: reaction mechanisms and green prospects

“…107 This approach is clearly advantageous when compared to the synthesis of similar materials via condensation with sulphur dichloride and their subsequent electrochemical oxidative copolymerization reaction. 108 Polymerisation at 432 K in the presence of elemental sulphur is not only possible for alkenes and alkynes, but also for other compounds that can act as chain transfer agents in relation to oligosulphide radicals, such as N-phenylbenzoxazine (Scheme 4). 109 Aliphatic 110 and aromatic 111 dithiols can be used as chain transfer agents, which lead to the formation of their corresponding polymeric polysuldes (Scheme 5).…”

“… 107 This approach is clearly advantageous when compared to the synthesis of similar materials via condensation with sulphur dichloride and their subsequent electrochemical oxidative copolymerization reaction. 108 …”

Synthesis and Thermal and Textural Characterization of Aniline Formaldehyde-Organoclay Composites

“…However, the surface morphologies obtained from the composites prepared with high contents of organoclay may imply that there is the intercalated-dispersion of the polymer chains in the interlayer region of the organoclay and also a significant reduction in the cross-linking intensity between the polymer chains. The major changes observed in the morphology may be due to the swelling which occurred as a result of the insertion of the reinforcing components into the polymer matrix [19]. The effect of -CH 2 -linkages in the aniline-formaldehyde resin can be determined with the polymerization of aniline formaldehyde conducted under the acidic condition.…”

Kinetics study of copolymerization of 2-anilinoethanol onto chitosan by ammonium peroxydisulfate as a initiator

“…Polyaniline are commonly synthesized by chemical or electrochemical oxidation of aniline in acidic aqueous solution (Abdolahi et al, 2012;Hosseini et al, 2010Hosseini et al, , 2013a. However, other polymerization techniques have now been developed such as enzymatic (Silva et al, 2005), ultrasonic irradiation (Liu et al, 2002), polymerization using electron acceptors (Su and Kuramoto, 2001) and under electric and magnetic fields (Hosseini et al, 2009(Hosseini et al, , 2013b.…”

“…It has potential applications ranged from biomedicine and pharmacy to water treatment (Yu et al, 2007). Chitosan has both reactive amino and hydroxyl groups that can be used to chemically alter its properties under mild reaction conditions (Hosseini et al, 2010). Kinetics of graft copolymerization investigated from different methods (Li et al, 2002;Mahdavinia et al, 2004).…”