Chemical and Electrostatic Association of Various Metal Ions by Poly(acrylic acid) and Poly(methacrylic acid) As Studied by Potentiometry

Abstract

Potentiometric titrations have been performed for poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) in solution in the presence of different metals (Ca, Mg, Zn, and Cu) by titrating with KOH without additional salt. For the Me/PAA system, experimentally obtained apparent dissociation constants (pK a) appear to decrease in the initial part of the titration curve, which was found to be most pronounced in case of Cu. This was also found for the Cu/PMA system. For all systems studied, an increase in pK a was observed at higher degrees of dissociation. Analytical expressions for the change in apparent pK a upon ionization have been derived on the basis of counterion condensation theory taking into account both electrostatic and chemical binding of counterions of different valences. Taking also into account the effects of the flexibility of the polymer, the agreement between calculated and experimentally obtained data is certainly satisfying for the larger part of the titration curve. The agreement is completely lost by considering only electrostatic interactions between metal ions and the polyanions. An increase in chemical binding as indicated by a more negative value of the intrinsic reduced free energy of binding (g b) is observed in the order Mg ≈ Ca < Zn < Cu for both polyelectrolytes. The present approach allows us to quantify the contributions of the individual physicochemical processes related to the overall distribution of counterions around charged macromolecules.

Ordered polyelectrolyte assembly at the oil–water interface

“…For PAA in bulk solution, this increase in charge density causes the polymer to adopt an extended conformation due to charge-charge repulsion between carboxylate functional groups (29,30). Titrations in this laboratory show the bulk pK a of PAA to be 6, which is in agreement with literature (31)(32)(33)(34)(35). The pK a value of aPMA, and therefore likely iPMA, is reported to be 7.3 (36).…”

A redox actuator based on reversible formation of bond between poly(acrylic acid) gel and Cu2+ ion

“…3:1:1. The ratio of -COO À to Cu 2+ (3:1) is slightly higher than that of poly(acrylic acid) polymer (2:1) [25][26][27][28][29]. This difference would be a manifestation of steric hindrance to prevent the formation of -COO À -Cu 2+ bond and/or competition of Cu 2+ and Na + ions.…”

A study of poly(butadiene/methacrylic acid) dispersions: From pH-responsive behaviour to the effects of added Ca2+

“…2). The apparent pK a values are also shown in Table 1 and were calculated using the following equation [22,23]:…”