Chemical and mineralogical alterations of concrete subjected to chemical attacks in complex underground tunnel environments during 20–36 years

Li, Chen; Wu, Mei; Chen, Qing; Jiang, Zhengwu

doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.11.007

Cited by 94 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Different methods are adopted to improve the concrete properties, such as the C-S-H seed enhanced concrete (Chen et al, 2020g;Li et al, 2020), the fiber-reinforced concrete (Chen et al, 2018d;Liu et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2021) and the self-healing concrete (Yang et al, 2009). The self-healing material can repair the concrete's (micro-) cracks and (micro-) voids automatically, which can cause damage to the material (Li et al, 2018;Li et al, 2020aLi et al, , 2020bWhite et al, 2001;Yang et al, 2009;Zhou et al, 2017). Meanwhile, through extending the traditional continuum damage mechanics (CDM) framework (Ju, 1989(Ju, , 1991Ju and Lee, 1991;Ju et al, 1989;Kachanov, 1987;Krajcinovic, 1984;Voyiadjis and Kattan, 1999), the researchers proposed the continuum damage-healing mechanics (CDHM) in the literatures to describe the damage-healing behavior (Barbero et al, 2005;Miao et al, 1995;Voyiadjis and Kattan, 2014;Voyiadjis et al, 2011Voyiadjis et al, , 2012aVoyiadjis et al, , 2012b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical deposition induced continuum damage-healing framework for the cementitious composite

Zhu

Chen

et al. 2021

International Journal of Damage Mechanics

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The electrochemical deposition method is a promising approach to repair the deteriorated concrete in the aqueous environment. In this paper, a continuum damage-healing framework is presented for the electrochemical deposition method based on the multi-field coupling growth process of the electrochemical deposition products. The ion transportation and the electrode reactions are characterized by employing the Nernst-Planck equation and the current conservation equation. The level set method is adopted to capture the growth of the deposition products. Based on the deposition process, a new empirical healing law is presented, with which a new continuum damage-healing framework is presented for electrochemical deposition method. Numerical examples are conducted by applying the presented framework to the damaged cementitious composite under the tensile loadings. The presented framework is compared with the classic continuum damage-healing theory and the experimental data. The results show that the presented models can describe the electrochemical deposition method induced damage-healing for the cementitious composite. Furthermore, the effects of the healing time, the solution concentration and the external voltage on the damage-healing behaviors are investigated based on our proposed framework.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical deposition induced continuum damage-healing framework for the cementitious composite

Zhu

Chen

et al. 2021

International Journal of Damage Mechanics

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“…Several case studies of field concrete situations can also be found in the literature. Regarding chloride attacks, Bader (2003) reported about evaluating the concrete performance exposed to the highly concentrated chloride and sulfate environments in the Arabian Gulf, and Li et al (2018) about investigating the chemical alterations of concrete in underground tunnel structures in China. As for sulfate attacks, Hobbs and Taylor (2000) studied the formation of sulfate-bearing mineral thaumasite in concrete in the UK and Marchand et al (2002) numerically investigated the performance of concrete slabs exposed to sulfate-bearing soils in the US.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term Performance Assessment of Concrete Exposed to Acid Attack and External Sulfate Attack

Qiao

Matsushita

Maenaka

et al. 2021

ACT

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This study aims to assess the degradation of below-grade concrete of nuclear power plants (NPP) in Japan, considering possible acid and sulfate attacks. A survey on the underground environments of several NPPs and residential buildings across the country was conducted, and their associated concrete performance was evaluated where concrete samples from core drillings were available. Moreover, acid and sulfate exposure tests on mortar specimens lasting for up to four years were carried out in the laboratory to simulate actual field situations. The effects of exposure conditions, such as solution concentrations, temperature, and immersion conditions, were examined. The surveyed environments were classified into non-aggressive or slightly aggressive environments. The concrete core samples investigated showed insignificant degradation and satisfactory strength after 40 years of exposure. The laboratory test results showed that the accelerated tests using highly concentrated solutions could exacerbate the extent of decalcification and even alter the degradation mechanism for magnesium sulfates. Therefore, a close-to-reality concentration is preferred for reproducing field situations. The carbonation/neutralization depth was used as an indicator to estimate the degradation extent. The measured values in the laboratory using low-concentration solutions correlated well with the field results, suggesting that the below-grade concrete's degradation in the NPPs investigated may be less than 10 mm after 60 years of exposure.

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“…The (micro-)cracks and (micro-)voids can cause damage to the concrete material and finally lead to the failure of the concrete structure after the damage propagations. Recently, the self-healing materials have become more popular since it can remedy the damage such as the (micro-)cracks and the (micro-)voids automatically, and recover the concrete’s properties (Kang and Kunieda, 2014; Li et al., 2018; Oucif et al., 2018; Tan et al., 2018; White et al., 2001; Yang et al., 2009; Zou et al., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuum damage-healing framework for the hydration induced self-healing of the cementitious composite

Chen

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2020

International Journal of Damage Mechanics

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The self-healing materials have become more and more popular due to their active capacity of repairing the (micro-) damages, such as the (micro-) cracks, the (micro-) voids and the other defects. In this paper, the thermodynamic based damage-healing framework is presented for the hydration induced self-healing composite with a compatible healing variable. The new variable is incorporated to consider the time-dependent properties of the hydration products, with which a new damage healing law is proposed. The hydration kinetics are employed to describe the healing process. The properties of the hydration products are arrived with the multiscale and multilevel homogenization scheme. The presented damage-healing model is applied to an isotropic cementitious composite under the tensile loading histories. The presented framework is compared with the classic continuum damage-healing theory and the experimental data. The results show that the presented damage-healing model is capable of describing the hydration induced self-healing of the cementitious composite. It can describe the behavior of the partially and fully healed concrete material. The effects of the healing time and the compatible healing variables on the damage-healing results are investigated based on our proposed framework.

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Chemical and mineralogical alterations of concrete subjected to chemical attacks in complex underground tunnel environments during 20–36 years

Cited by 94 publications

References 77 publications

Electrochemical deposition induced continuum damage-healing framework for the cementitious composite

Electrochemical deposition induced continuum damage-healing framework for the cementitious composite

Long-term Performance Assessment of Concrete Exposed to Acid Attack and External Sulfate Attack

Continuum damage-healing framework for the hydration induced self-healing of the cementitious composite

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