Chemical and mineralogical influences on concentrations of trace metals in hydrothermal fluids

Metz, Simone; Trefry, John H.

doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00354-9

Cited by 180 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In the absence of oxygen, the transition metals would precipitate mostly as sulfides. While ZnS and MnS precipitate slowly, Cu 2 S, PbS, and FeS 2 are promptly removed by precipitation at neutral pH and at temperatures lower than 300°C (71)(72)(73). Therefore, Cu 2 S, PbS, and FeS 2 could not spread far away from points of discharge, especially taking into account the cooling of the geothermal fluids to the ambient temperatures.…”

Section: Vapor-dominated Zones Of Terrestrial Geothermal Systems Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of first cells at terrestrial, anoxic geothermal fields

Mulkidjanian

Bychkov²,

Dibrova³

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

374

336

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All cells contain much more potassium, phosphate, and transition metals than modern (or reconstructed primeval) oceans, lakes, or rivers. Cells maintain ion gradients by using sophisticated, energydependent membrane enzymes (membrane pumps) that are embedded in elaborate ion-tight membranes. The first cells could possess neither ion-tight membranes nor membrane pumps, so the concentrations of small inorganic molecules and ions within protocells and in their environment would equilibrate. Hence, the ion composition of modern cells might reflect the inorganic ion composition of the habitats of protocells. We attempted to reconstruct the "hatcheries" of the first cells by combining geochemical analysis with phylogenomic scrutiny of the inorganic ion requirements of universal components of modern cells. These ubiquitous, and by inference primordial, proteins and functional systems show affinity to and functional requirement for K + , Zn 2+ , Mn 2+, and phosphate. Thus, protocells must have evolved in habitats with a high K + /Na + ratio and relatively high concentrations of Zn, Mn, and phosphorous compounds. Geochemical reconstruction shows that the ionic composition conducive to the origin of cells could not have existed in marine settings but is compatible with emissions of vapor-dominated zones of inland geothermal systems. Under the anoxic, CO 2 -dominated primordial atmosphere, the chemistry of basins at geothermal fields would resemble the internal milieu of modern cells. The precellular stages of evolution might have transpired in shallow ponds of condensed and cooled geothermal vapor that were lined with porous silicate minerals mixed with metal sulfides and enriched in K + , Zn 2+, and phosphorous compounds.

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Section: Vapor-dominated Zones Of Terrestrial Geothermal Systems Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of first cells at terrestrial, anoxic geothermal fields

Mulkidjanian

Bychkov²,

Dibrova³

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

374

336

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“…Plume process I results in the accumulation of seafloor metalliferous sediment deposits near vent sites and is thought to remove the major fraction of vent fluid Fe (Rudnicki & Elderfield 1993;Kadko et al 1995;Field & Sherrell 2000). Process II generates a finer particle floc that can be dispersed many kilometres and is considered to be the primary mechanism for hydrothermal scavenging of seawater nutrients and trace elements (Mottl & McConachy 1990;Metz & Trefry 2000;German & Von Damm 2003). There is also a growing body of evidence that suggests that, in addition to abiotic processes, biotic-and particularly microbial-processes can be important within hydrothermal plumes (Cowen et al 1986;De Angelis et al 1993;Dick et al 2009).…”

Section: Deep-sea Hydrothermal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral–microbe interactions in deep-sea hydrothermal systems: a challenge for Raman spectroscopy

Breier

White

German

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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In deep-sea hydrothermal environments, steep chemical and thermal gradients, rapid and turbulent mixing and biologic processes produce a multitude of diverse mineral phases and foster the growth of a variety of chemosynthetic micro-organisms. Many of these microbial species are associated with specific mineral phases, and the interaction of mineral and microbial processes are of only recently recognized importance in several areas of hydrothermal research. Many submarine hydrothermal mineral phases form during kinetically limited reactions and are either metastable or are only thermodynamically stable under in situ conditions. Laser Raman spectroscopy is well suited to mineral speciation measurements in the deep sea in many ways, and sea-going Raman systems have been built and used to make a variety of in situ measurements. However, the full potential of this technique for hydrothermal science has yet to be realized. In this focused review, we summarize both the need for in situ mineral speciation measurements in hydrothermal research and the development of sea-going Raman systems to date; we describe the rationale for further development of a small, low-cost sea-going Raman system optimized for mineral identification that incorporates a fluorescence-minimizing design; and we present three experimental applications that such a tool would enable.

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“…Nevertheless, laboratory and field studies have shown evidence for potentially significant dust contributions to upper water column cobalt from anthropogenic and natural dust sources Thuróczy et al, 2010). While cobalt has been found to be enriched in end-member hydrothermal fluids up to 2570 nM at TAG in the North Atlantic Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Metz and Trefrey, 2000), input is thought to be relatively localized to near-vent environments due to rapid removal by precipitating manganese and iron oxyhydroxides.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal sources, sinks and strong organic complexation of dissolved cobalt within the US North Atlantic GEOTRACES transect GA03

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Cobalt is the scarcest of metallic micronutrients and displays a complex biogeochemical cycle. This study examines the distribution, chemical speciation, and biogeochemistry of dissolved cobalt during the US North Atlantic GEOTRACES transect expeditions (GA03/3_e), which took place in the fall of 2010 and 2011. Two major subsurface sources of cobalt to the North Atlantic were identified. The more prominent of the two was a large plume of cobalt emanating from the African coast off the eastern tropical North Atlantic coincident with the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) likely due to reductive dissolution, biouptake and remineralization, and aeolian dust deposition. The occurrence of this plume in an OMZ with oxygen above suboxic levels implies a high threshold for persistence of dissolved cobalt plumes. The other major subsurface source came from Upper Labrador Seawater, which may carry high cobalt concentrations due to the interaction of this water mass with resuspended sediment at the western margin or from transport further upstream. Minor sources of cobalt came from dust, coastal surface waters and hydrothermal systems along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The full depth section of cobalt chemical speciation revealed near-complete complexation in surface waters, even within regions of high dust deposition. However, labile cobalt observed below the euphotic zone demonstrated that strong cobalt-binding ligands were not present in excess of the total cobalt concentration there, implying that mesopelagic labile cobalt was sourced from the remineralization of sinking organic matter. In the upper water column, correlations were observed between total cobalt and phosphate, and between labile cobalt and phosphate, demonstrating a strong biological influence on cobalt cycling. Along the western margin off the North American coast, this correlation with phosphate was no longer observed and instead a relationship between cobalt and salinity was observed, reflecting the importance of coastal input processes on cobalt distributions. In deep waters, both total and labile cobalt concentrations were lower than in intermediate depth waters, demonstrating that scavenging may remove labile cobalt from the water column. Total and labile cobalt distributions were also compared to a previously published South Atlantic GEOTRACES-compliant zonal transect (CoFeMUG, GAc01) to discern regional biogeochemical differences. Together, these Atlantic sectional studies highlight the dynamic ecological stoichiometry of total and labile cobalt. As increasing anthropogenic use and subsequent release of cobalt poses the potential to overpower natural cobalt signals in the oceans, it is more important than ever to establish a baseline understanding of cobalt distributions in the ocean.

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Chemical and mineralogical influences on concentrations of trace metals in hydrothermal fluids

Cited by 180 publications

References 59 publications

Origin of first cells at terrestrial, anoxic geothermal fields

Origin of first cells at terrestrial, anoxic geothermal fields

Mineral–microbe interactions in deep-sea hydrothermal systems: a challenge for Raman spectroscopy

Coastal sources, sinks and strong organic complexation of dissolved cobalt within the US North Atlantic GEOTRACES transect GA03

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