Chemical and morphological properties of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) in school classrooms and outdoor air

Fromme, Hermann; Diemer, J.; Dietrich, S.; Cyrys, Josef; Heinrich, Joachim; Lang, W.; Kiranoglu, Mandy; Twardella, Dorothee

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.04.047

Cited by 208 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…PM 10 concentrations in schools are higher than outdoor ones due to dust resuspension caused by the activity of the students (Brunekreef et al, 1997;Fromme et al, 2008). Here, resuspension is the process by which particles are reintroduced into the air from a surface on which they were previously deposited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their experiment was carried out in a central part of Prague (Czech Republic), sampling air through a five-stage cascade impactor in order to obtain 24-h average concentrations. Fromme et al (2008) also noted that the physical activity of pupils leads to the resuspension of indoor coarse particles, and is the main reason for rises in the level of PM 10 in classrooms. This relationship was also highlighted by Goyal and Khare (2009), who carried out a study on indoor-outdoor PM concentrations by monitoring a classroom in a naturally ventilated school building located near an urban roadway in Delhi City (India).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Particle Resuspension in School Gyms during Physical Activities

Buonanno

Fuoco

Marini

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this work was to quantify the exposure of children to particle resuspension in school gyms. In fact, although moderate standard aerobic activity is suggested for good health, adverse health effects could affect people exercising in micro-environments with ambient pollution. Overall, 12 micro-environments were chosen and analyzed in a 3-month experimental campaign. The different fractions of particulate matter (PM) were measured by means of photometers, calibrated for the specific aerosols studied through gravimetric samplers, whereas particle number distributions in the 0.5-20 μm range were continuously measured using an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) spectrometer. High PM concentration levels were measured in school gyms compared to outdoor values. The dominant source is the particle resuspension produced by the activity of exercising pupils and, among the various PM fractions, the effect on coarse particles (PM 10-2.5 ) was found to be the most important, with the related emissions factors measured in the range of 1.5-8.9 mg/min. During school activities, under natural ventilation conditions, the average coarse particle concentrations at the 12 school gyms investigated were found to be 4.8 ± 2.0 times higher than the background (outdoor) values. The key parameters are the number and intensity of the physical activities, which can be characterized by the total energy used by the students. Therefore, this study provides useful data on the exposure of students to airborne particles during periods of physical activity in gyms with natural ventilation.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Resuspension in School Gyms during Physical Activities

Buonanno

Fuoco

Marini

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many studies have demonstrated that elevated particulate matter (PM) concentrations in classrooms may have a significant adverse effect on children's health and performance [36,37]. However, there are only a limited number of studies concerning the chemical properties (e.g., OC and EC) of PM in school environments in China [38][39][40].This study therefore aims to (i) characterize the indoor and outdoor OC and EC concentrations in PM2.5 and PM0.25 (PM with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 0.25 μm) in Xi'an during the end of winter 2012 at a middle school; (ii) investigate SOC mass contribution to OC and the SOC sources; and (iii) apportion TC contributions from coal combustion, motor vehicle exhaust, secondary formation, and other primary emissions. Outputs from this study may lead to better understanding about the SOC formation mechanisms of different size particles outdoors and indoors in Chinese cities experiencing serious PM pollution and to establishing source emission control strategies for particulate matter, especially for carbonaceous aerosol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Organic and Elemental Carbon in PM2.5 and PM0.25 in Indoor and Outdoor Environments of a Middle School: Secondary Formation of Organic Carbon and Sources Identification

Guinot

Shen

et al. 2015

Atmosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Secondary organic carbon (SOC) formation and its effects on human health require better understanding in Chinese megacities characterized by a severe particulate OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2015, 6 362 pollution and robust economic reform. This study investigated organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM2.5 and PM0.25 collected 8-20 March 2012. Samples were collected inside and outside a classroom in a middle school at Xi'an. On average, OC and EC accounted for 20%-30% of the particulate matter (PM) mass concentration. By applying the EC-tracer method, SOC's contribution to OC in both PM size fractions was demonstrated. The observed changes in SOC:OC ratios can be attributed to variations in the primary production processes, the photochemical reactions, the intensity of free radicals, and the meteorological conditions. Total carbon (TC) source apportionment by formula derivation showed that coal combustion, motor vehicle exhaust, and secondary formation were the major sources of carbonaceous aerosol. Coal combustion appeared to be the largest contributor to TC (50%), followed by motor vehicle exhaust (25%) and SOC (18%) in both size fractions.

show abstract

“…With regard to human health, air quality in indoor environments have been widely studied in recent years, with the focus primarily on schools and residential housing (e.g., Blondeau et al, 2005;Fromme, 2008;Martuzevicius, 2008;Polidori et al, 2009). On the contrary, considerably fewer studies have focused on PM levels in offices (Gemenetzis, 2006;Saraga et al, 2010), despite the fact that they are one of the most common workplaces in a great many countries, where lots of people spend a considerable part of their working day.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor airborne particle sources and semi-volatile partitioning effect of outdoor fine PM in offices

Sangiorgi

Ferrero

Ferrini

et al. 2013

Atmospheric Environment

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To date, few studies have focused on PM air quality in offices, despite the fact that a lot of people spend\ud many working hours a day in such offices. The aim of the present study is to investigate PM1 and PM2.5\ud in offices in Milan (Northern Italy) and in the air outside those offices. The PM samples were analyzed to\ud determine the entity of certain compounds with possible direct or indirect adverse effects on human\ud health: PAHs, BpA, and water soluble inorganic ions.\ud A good correlation between outdoor and indoor PM mass concentrations emerged (R2 w0.87). The\ud maximum I/O concentration ratiowas 0.92, suggesting that the indoor PM levelwas always lower than the\ud outdoor level. The average infiltration factor, FINF,was 0.55, showing that about a half of the outdoor PMhad\ud come indoors. The indoor-generated particles, Cig, had values ranging from 0 to 4.4 mg m3 (<25% of the\ud indoor PM), showing that PM indoor sources had only made a limited contribution to total indoor PM.\ud The results of the indoor-to-outdoor comparisons for the aforementioned chemical compounds\ud demonstrate that the offices were characterized by the absence of effective indoor sources of particulatebound\ud PAHs and inorganic ions, whereas Cig was around 58% of the indoor concentration for BpA. Our\ud analysis of the FINF data pointed to the presence of a volatilization effect from PM for semi-volatile\ud compounds like ammonium nitrate and 4- or 5-ring PAHs, which affected the measurement of their\ud FINF. We propose the introduction of a new and simple parameter, called volatilization correction, to take\ud account of this effect

show abstract

Chemical and morphological properties of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) in school classrooms and outdoor air

Cited by 208 publications

References 40 publications

Particle Resuspension in School Gyms during Physical Activities

Particle Resuspension in School Gyms during Physical Activities

Characteristics of Organic and Elemental Carbon in PM2.5 and PM0.25 in Indoor and Outdoor Environments of a Middle School: Secondary Formation of Organic Carbon and Sources Identification

Indoor airborne particle sources and semi-volatile partitioning effect of outdoor fine PM in offices

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About