Chemical and pharmacological comparison of modern and traditional dosage forms of Joshanda

Abstract

Recently, a traditional remedy (Joshanda) has been replaced largely by modern ready-to-use dosage forms, which have not been compared to the original remedy. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare a number of modern dosage forms with traditional remedy. Seven brands, 3 batches each, were compared with a Lab-made formulation with reference to analytical (proximate analyses, spectroscopic and chromatographic metabolomes) and pharmacological profiles (anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities). Chemical and pharmacological differences were found between Lab-made Joshanda and modern dosage forms. Such variations were also found within the brands and batches of modern formulations (p < 0.05). The Lab-made Joshanda showed significantly higher pharmacological activities as compared to modern brands (p ). The results of the present study indicate that modern dosage forms are unstandardised and less effective than the traditional remedy. Characteristic profiles obtained from Lab-made Joshanda may be used as reference to produce comparable dosage forms.

Promising Endophytic Alternaria alternata from Leaves of Ziziphus spina-christi: Phytochemical Analyses, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities

“…Previous reports evaluated that the activity of the prepared extracts from the leaves and fruits depends on the active ingredients as well as the polarity of the ingredients [ 74 , 75 ]. In addition, several studies showed that the extracts of different polarity give potentially different pharmacological and toxicological activities [ 76 , 77 ]. Our results are in accordance to Al Mousa et al [ 78 ] who stated that the EA crude extract obtained from Alternaria tenuissima AUMC14342 gave the highest antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa , S. aureus , Fusarium solani , and Aspergillus niger at concentration 30 mg/mL using disc diffusion assay.…”