“…5 . Table 3 shows the test conditions used in the experiments to investigate the tribological performance of tested oils in boundary lubrication regime (Lambda of fresh oil is λ = 0.27 < 1) [ 14 ]. The specification of the pin and plate is described in Table 3 .…”
Section: Experimental Methodologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 5 a 3D schematic of tribometer (TE77) used in this study, b the contact interface between the pin and plate [ 14 ] …”
Section: Experimental Methodologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Soot is one of the main contamination that influences significantly oil drain interval in diesel engines [2,3]. The effects of soot on the oil performance have been addressed by several studies; some researches focused on the effect of soot on wear [4][5][6][7][8], other studies concentrated on soot effect on tribofilm and rubbing surfaces [9,10] and finally, additive adsorption on soot particles has been the topic of interest [3,[11][12][13][14]. The presence of soot in diesel engine oil is one of the most common reasons to change engine oil [2,3,15].…”
Soot is the main contamination that affects oil performance and increases the frequency of oil changes in heavy-duty engine oil. Several studies discussed that additive concentration in engine oil can be influenced due to additive depletion over time and additive adsorption on soot particles. To extend oil drain intervals and improve oil performance, filter manufactures explore removing the soot to a certain level and replenishing the consumed additives. Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) is one of the most favored antiwear additives that react very rapidly with rubbing surfaces to form tribofilm that reduces wear. In this study, the experimental work aims to investigate the effect of ZDDP replenishment on tribological performance in the existence of soot and after removing soot from heavy-duty used oil. The study reveals that reclaiming the used oil can be achieved by removing the soot to a certain level. The results demonstrate that the reclaimed oil after removing soot is still not as good as the fresh oil. This study proves that additive depletion, additive adsorption on soot, and the decomposition of antiwear additive adversely influence the reclaimed oil performance. However, replenishing the consumed additive by adding a small amount of ZDDP helps to improve the reclaimed oil performance compared to a large amount of ZDDP which is required to re-gain the oil performance in the existence of soot.
“…5 . Table 3 shows the test conditions used in the experiments to investigate the tribological performance of tested oils in boundary lubrication regime (Lambda of fresh oil is λ = 0.27 < 1) [ 14 ]. The specification of the pin and plate is described in Table 3 .…”
Section: Experimental Methodologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 5 a 3D schematic of tribometer (TE77) used in this study, b the contact interface between the pin and plate [ 14 ] …”
Section: Experimental Methodologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Soot is one of the main contamination that influences significantly oil drain interval in diesel engines [2,3]. The effects of soot on the oil performance have been addressed by several studies; some researches focused on the effect of soot on wear [4][5][6][7][8], other studies concentrated on soot effect on tribofilm and rubbing surfaces [9,10] and finally, additive adsorption on soot particles has been the topic of interest [3,[11][12][13][14]. The presence of soot in diesel engine oil is one of the most common reasons to change engine oil [2,3,15].…”
Soot is the main contamination that affects oil performance and increases the frequency of oil changes in heavy-duty engine oil. Several studies discussed that additive concentration in engine oil can be influenced due to additive depletion over time and additive adsorption on soot particles. To extend oil drain intervals and improve oil performance, filter manufactures explore removing the soot to a certain level and replenishing the consumed additives. Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) is one of the most favored antiwear additives that react very rapidly with rubbing surfaces to form tribofilm that reduces wear. In this study, the experimental work aims to investigate the effect of ZDDP replenishment on tribological performance in the existence of soot and after removing soot from heavy-duty used oil. The study reveals that reclaiming the used oil can be achieved by removing the soot to a certain level. The results demonstrate that the reclaimed oil after removing soot is still not as good as the fresh oil. This study proves that additive depletion, additive adsorption on soot, and the decomposition of antiwear additive adversely influence the reclaimed oil performance. However, replenishing the consumed additive by adding a small amount of ZDDP helps to improve the reclaimed oil performance compared to a large amount of ZDDP which is required to re-gain the oil performance in the existence of soot.
“…TE77 tribometer has been used to simulate reciprocating sliding contacts in the engine according to ASTM G 181 39 . Table 4 shows the test conditions used in the experiments to investigate the tribological performance of tested oils in boundary lubrication regime (Lambda of FFO λ=0.27<1) 40 .…”
Section: Tribological Testmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Soot is the main contamination that influences significantly oil drain interval in diesel engines 2,3 . The effects of soot on the oil performance have been addressed by several studies; some researches focused on the effect of soot on wear [4][5][6][7][8] , other studies concentrated on soot effect on tribofilm and rubbing surfaces 9,10 and finally, additive adsorption on soot particles has been the topic of interest 3,[11][12][13][14] . Presence of soot in diesel engine oil is one of the most common reasons to change engine oil 2,3,15 .…”
Soot is the main contamination that affects oil performance and increases oil drain intervals in heavyduty engine oil. It is also believed that additive concentration in engine oil can be influenced due to additive depletion over time and additive adsorption on soot particles. To extend oil drain intervals and improve oil performance, filter manufactures explore removing the soot to a certain level and replenishing the consumed additives. Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate (ZDDP) is one of the most favoured anti-wear additives that reacts very rapidly with rubbing surfaces to form tribofilm that reduce wear. In this study, the experimental work aims to investigate the effect of ZDDP replenishment on tribological performance in the existence of soot and after removing soot from heavy-duty used oil. The study reveals that reclaiming the used oil can be achieved by removing the soot to a certain level. The results demonstrate that the reclaimed oil after removing soot is still not as good as the fresh oil. This study proves that additive depletion, additive adsorption on soot and the decomposition of antiwear additive adversely influence the reclaimed oil performance. However, replenishing the consumed additive by adding a small amount of ZDDP helps to improve the reclaimed oil performance compared to a large amount of ZDDP which is required to re-gain the oil performance in the existence of soot.
This study aims to develop efficient adsorptive materials for retaining used 5w40 motor oil using xanthan (XG), xanthan esterified with acrylic acid (XGAC), Lignoboost lignin (LB), and LB esterified with oleic and stearic acids. The adsorption capacities of these materials were systematically evaluated, revealing a hierarchical efficacy with XG exhibiting the highest performance (60.16 g/g), followed by XGAC/LB (59.92 g/g) and XGAC (55.79 g/g). These capacities were correlated with the materials' surface area and morphology. Additionally, accelerated weathering studies assessed the degradation process of the adsorptive materials over time, revealing that all of them undergo significant structural changes, which suggests potential pathways for environmentally friendly disposal. Kinetic studies indicated that the experimental data fit well with the pseudo‐second‐order (PSO) model. The high correlation coefficient values for the PSO model (0.9318–0.9998) confirmed its suitability for describing the kinetics of oil sorption. FTIR spectra of the used motor oil‐loaded materials confirmed the physical nature of the adsorption process, involving interactions such as hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and π–π interactions. SEM analysis demonstrated that materials with larger pore sizes showed less efficient oil adsorption despite having high porosity, highlighting the importance of optimal pore size distribution for effective adsorption.
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