Chemical and physical characteristics of optimal synthesised activated carbons from grass-derived sulfonated lignin versus commercial activated carbons

Al-Lagtah, Nasir; Al-Muhtaseb, Ala’a H.; Ahmad, Mohammad Norazmi; Salameh, Yousef

doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2016.01.043

Cited by 73 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The new band at 1466 cm − 1 in the AC‐0.2 M HCl spectra (Figure e) corresponds to asymmetric C–H bending in −CH 3 and −CH 2 – . The bands located at 1401 and 1398 cm − 1 may be ascribed to C–O vibrations in carboxylate groups . The band at around 1110 cm − 1 is absent in the spectra of AC‐0.2 M HCl.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure , all spectra have a strong broad absorption band in the range of 3300–3600 cm − 1 and a maximum absorption at about 3420 cm − 1 due to O–H stretching vibrations from chemisorbed water, phenolic hydroxyl groups, and carboxylic groups . The absorption band at about 2923 cm − 1 (2925–2960 cm − 1 ) represents asymmetrical and symmetrical stretching vibrations of C–H in methyl groups and methylene groups; the band at 2855 cm − 1 corresponds to C–H stretching vibrations in methoxy groups . The stretching vibrations at 2300–2341 cm − 1 are associated with the hydrogen‐bonded −OH group .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Changes in physicochemical properties of activated carbon during treatment with supercritical water

Zhang

Tian

et al. 2018

Can J Chem Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated the changes in activated carbon (AC) physicochemical properties during treatment with supercritical water (SCW). Experimental results show that SCW treatment can increase the specific surface area and pore volume of AC. Scanning electron microscopy proves that the AC surface undergoes severe corrosion, resulting in the exposure of highly porous structures. In addition, the point‐of‐zero charge of AC increases after SCW treatment without the addition of HCl, H2SO4, and H2O2. This result is confirmed by the presence of C≡C and −OH functional moieties, as established through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Temperature programmed desorption profiles suggest that the decomposition of AC in the SCW treatment produces pyrone and anhydride functional groups. According to the above results, SCW treatment increases the adsorption capacities of AC. In SCW catalytic processes, therefore, active components removed from the surface of AC‐supported catalysts are directly involved in reactions that enhance the catalytic activity.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in physicochemical properties of activated carbon during treatment with supercritical water

Zhang

Tian

et al. 2018

Can J Chem Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For the SEM analysis, the activated carbon sample was adhered to a carbon tape and then surface metallized with gold using a Denton Vacum Desk IV model, in order to generate a conductive surface.Subsequently, the inspection was carried out on a JEOL JSM 6490 LV model microscope in the secondary electron mode (with magnifications of 100 and 250x magnification at 20kV).In addition, the chemical composition of the samples was evaluated on several points or areas of inspection, using the Oxford Instrument Model INCAPentaFETx3 EDS probe [9]- [11]. The DRX analysis was performed on the XPERT-PRO equipment of PANalytical, making them measurements with Cu tube, with a voltage of 45kV and a current of 40mA, the time per step is 215.790s and the size of the step is 0.0197º.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Activated Carbon and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature Activated Carbon from Mixed Biomass Oil Palm Residuals (fibrilla and cuesco) for Use in the Treatment of Oily Water

2018

IJCTR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

:The present research aimed to prepare low temperature activated carbon from cuesco and oil palm fibrilla in a ratio of 50-50 % w w -1 with an impregnation ratio of 1:2 and 1:3 zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) to be used in the oily substances adsorption in synthetic solutions. The biomass was initially washed, reduced in size and sieved with particle sizes between 2 mm and 1 mm. Afterwards, 10 g of cuesco and 10 g of fibrilla were weighed, mixed, homogenized and impregnated with aqueous ZnCl 2 solutions, the impregnated biomass was filtered and heated for 40 min with a ramp of 5°C min -1 from 150°C to 350°C and then activated with 0.1 M HCl.The precursor (mixture of cuesco and fibrilla) was characterized by analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and synthesized carbons were characterized by Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (DRX) analysis. The presence of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin, and activated carbon of zinc and chlorine on the surface of both carbons were found in biomass, the almost total deterioration of the bands corresponding to lignin and cellulose, and surface areas of 23.24 m 2 g -1 and 12.38 m 2 g -1 , respectively.Adsorption tests of methylene blue and iodine index showed that carbon 1:2 showed better adsorption capacity. The experimental adsorption data were best adjusted by Elovich's kinetic model and Freundlich's isotherm. Therefore, the use of mixed biomass for the preparation of activated carbon can be used in the adsorption of oil present in water.

show abstract

“…Its production cost is mainly related to the reactivation process and is increased when high quality activated carbon is needed (Mohan and Chander, 2006;Quintelas et al, 2008;Al-Lagtah et al, 2016). Figures 4-6 show the adsorption rates of phenols, in mg·g −1 ·h −1 , for non-modified, KOH-modified and FeCl 3 -modified biochars, respectively.…”

Section: Pseudo-first Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of Modified Biochar and Its Potential for Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Komnitsas

Zaharaki

2016

Front. Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the present study, the efficiency of phenol removal from synthetic aqueous solutions by chemically modified biochar with the use of 1M KOH or 1M FeCl 3 was investigated. Initially, biochar was produced after slow pyrolysis of three different agricultural wastes, namely pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) shells, pecan (Carya illinoinensis) shells, and wood sawdust. The quality of biochar was assessed by evaluating its main properties, such as pH, surface area, porosity and C content. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for the identification of biochar's structure. The efficiency of phenol removal from synthetic solutions was assessed with the use of kinetic and equilibrium experiments. The experimental results show that the KOH-modified biochar exhibited the highest phenol removal efficiency. Hydrophobic sorption on its surface is the main phenol removal mechanism. The pseudo-second order model fits best the kinetic data, while the Freundlich model, as deduced from an equilibrium study describes very well sorption of phenols on all biochars examined.

show abstract

Chemical and physical characteristics of optimal synthesised activated carbons from grass-derived sulfonated lignin versus commercial activated carbons

Cited by 73 publications

References 30 publications

Changes in physicochemical properties of activated carbon during treatment with supercritical water

Changes in physicochemical properties of activated carbon during treatment with supercritical water

Low-temperature Activated Carbon from Mixed Biomass Oil Palm Residuals (fibrilla and cuesco) for Use in the Treatment of Oily Water

Morphology of Modified Biochar and Its Potential for Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About