Chemical and Physical Effects of the Accumulation of Glyphosate in Common Milkweed (<i>Asclepias syriaca</i>) Root Buds

Waldecker, Mark A.; Wyse, Donald L.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500082953

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Carrot plants, four each for infected and control plants, were harvested 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment (DAT). At harvest, the treated leaves were washed with two 10-ml aliquots of a solution containing 10.0% ethanol, 89.9% distilled water, and 0.1% polysorbate [polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate] to remove any GLY that remained on the leaf surface (Devine et al, 1984;Waldecker and Wyse, 1985). Dodder stems were rinsed with the same solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption and Translocation of Glyphosate by Carrot Infected by Swamp Dodder

Bewick¹,

Binning²,

Balke³

1991

jashs

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Absorption of “C-labeled glyphosate by whole carrot (Daucus carota L.) plants infected or not infected by swamp dodder (Cuscuta gronovii Willd ex R & S) increased from 14% 1 day after treatment to 56% 14 days after treatment. Absorption of 14C-labeled glyphosate did not increase from 14 to 45 days after treatment. 14Carbon-labeled glyphosate appeared in the carrot root 1 day after application and its concentration increased with time in both infected and noninfected plants until 14 days after treatment. From 14 to 45 days after treatment, the concentration of 14C-labeled glyphosate in the roots decreased. At 1 day after treatment, dodder tissue contained as much 14C-labeled glyphosate as any physiological sink in the carrot. At 45 days after treatment, dodder tissue contained more 14C-labeled glyphosate than all other physiological sinks, except the petiole of the treated leaf. Swamp dodder stems had absorbed 14C-labeled glyphosate directly from a solution within 1 day after treatment. Chemical name used: N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosphate).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption and Translocation of Glyphosate by Carrot Infected by Swamp Dodder

Bewick¹,

Binning²,

Balke³

1991

jashs

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“…In fact, recommended rates of glyphosate for pastures, rangelands, roadsides, riverbanks and recreational areas (~1 kg ha −1 ) destroy the aboveground shoots of leafy spurge plants; however, it does little or no damage to UABs, and leafy spurge regenerates from these UABs. However, greater concentrations of glyphosate (~2-6 kg ha −1 ) generally cause sub-lethal effects in underground root system of leafy spurge; these higher rates still do not destroy the plants completely, but induce uncontrolled growth patterns (e.g., tillering and branching) from UABs in following generations, similar to the glyphosate-induced tillering observed in quackgrass ( Agropyron repense ) and common milkweed [ 10 , 11 ]. Further, the effects of glyphosate on leafy spurge [ 12 ] were proposed to involve glyphosate’s effect on release of apical dominance in lateral buds similar to that observed in sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ), soybean ( Glycine max ), and pea ( Pisum sativum ), which have been linked to changes in auxin levels and transport [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyphosate’s impact on vegetative growth in leafy spurge identifies molecular processes and hormone cross-talk associated with increased branching

et al. 2015

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BackgroundLeafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) is a perennial weed that is considered glyphosate tolerant, which is partially attributed to escape through establishment of new vegetative shoots from an abundance of underground adventitious buds. Leafy spurge plants treated with sub-lethal concentrations of foliar-applied glyphosate produce new vegetative shoots with reduced main stem elongation and increased branching. Processes associated with the glyphosate-induced phenotype were determined by RNAseq using aerial shoots derived from crown buds of glyphosate-treated and -untreated plants. Comparison between transcript abundance and accumulation of shikimate or phytohormones (abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinins, and gibberellins) from these same samples was also done to reveal correlations.ResultsTranscriptome assembly and analyses confirmed differential abundance among 12,918 transcripts (FDR ≤ 0.05) and highlighted numerous processes associated with shoot apical meristem maintenance and stem growth, which is consistent with the increased number of actively growing meristems in response to glyphosate. Foliar applied glyphosate increased shikimate abundance in crown buds prior to decapitation of aboveground shoots, which induces growth from these buds, indicating that 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate (EPSPS) the target site of glyphosate was inhibited. However, abundance of shikimate was similar in a subsequent generation of aerial shoots derived from crown buds of treated and untreated plants, suggesting EPSPS is no longer inhibited or abundance of shikimate initially observed in crown buds dissipated over time. Overall, auxins, gibberellins (precursors and catabolites of bioactive gibberellins), and cytokinins (precursors and bioactive cytokinins) were more abundant in the aboveground shoots derived from glyphosate-treated plants.ConclusionBased on the overall data, we propose that the glyphosate-induced phenotype resulted from complex interactions involving shoot apical meristem maintenance, hormone biosynthesis and signaling (auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins, and strigolactones), cellular transport, and detoxification mechanisms.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1627-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Glyphosate translocation to common milkweed root buds was increased with the addition of the cytokinin 6-benzyl-aminopurine. (Waldecker and Wyse, 1985). Salts such as AMS have been reported to increase phytotoxicity of many herbicides including glyphosate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of glufosinate in five weed species as influenced by ammonium sulfate and pelargonic acid

Pline

Hatzios³

1999

Weed sci.

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Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of14C-glufosinate were studied in three annual and two perennial weed species. Young seedlings ofSetaria faberi, Chenopodium album, Cassia obtusifolia, Solanum carolinense, andAsclepias syriacawere treated with foliar-applied14C-glufosinate, and plant tissues were harvested 12, 48, and 72 h after treatment (HAT). Absorption of14C-glufosinate was initially rapid, but increased only slightly after 12 h in all species. Glufosinate absorption was highest inS. carolinense(73% of applied radioactivity), followed byS. faberi(54%),C. obtusifolia(44%),C. album(41%), andA. syriaca(37%) 72 HAT. Translocation of radioactivity out of the treated leaf was species dependent and did not increase much with time in all weed species.S. carolinenseandS. faberitranslocated the highest amounts of absorbed radioactivity out of the treated leaf with 49 to 59% moving to the upper foliage.S. faberitranslocated the highest amount of absorbed radioactivity to the roots (12 to 14%), whileC. albumtranslocated the least (2 to 3%). TLC analysis of plant extracts showed that14C-glufosinate was not metabolized inS. faberi, C. obtusifolia, S. carolinense, andA. syriaca. A glufosinate metabolite with an Rf value matching that of methyl-phosphinico propionate was detected inC. album. Treatment with ammonium sulfate (AMS) increased glufosinate absorption inS. faberiandC. obtusifolia12 HAT, but decreased absorption inC. album. Treatment with pelargonic acid (PA) did not affect glufosinate absorption in any of the species tested. Treatment with AMS and PA did not affect glufosinate translocation in any of the five weed species. Treatment with AMS and PA did not influence the metabolism of glufosinate in any of the five weed species studied. These results show that differential absorption and translocation seem to explain the greater sensitivity of the annual and perennial weeds to glufosinate. Treatment with ammonium sulfate may increase the efficacy of glufosinate in perennial weeds.

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Chemical and Physical Effects of the Accumulation of Glyphosate in Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) Root Buds

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Absorption and Translocation of Glyphosate by Carrot Infected by Swamp Dodder

Absorption and Translocation of Glyphosate by Carrot Infected by Swamp Dodder

Glyphosate’s impact on vegetative growth in leafy spurge identifies molecular processes and hormone cross-talk associated with increased branching

Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of glufosinate in five weed species as influenced by ammonium sulfate and pelargonic acid

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