Chemical and physical properties of regenerative medicine materials controlling stem cell fate

Kaivosoja, Emilia; Barreto, Gonçalo; Levón, Kalle; Virtanen, Sannakaisa; Ainola, Mari; Konttinen, Yrjö T.

doi:10.3109/07853890.2011.573805

Cited by 76 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…Repeated mechanical stress on the membrane during each movement step induces trauma and hypoxic conditions leading to proliferation of fibroblasts that synthesize an abundant extracellular matrix to adapt to the stresses and strains around the implant. It has been shown that the mechanical environment can induce the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via up- and/or down-regulation of mechano-sensitive genes and in this way biomechanical loads can influence tissue differentiation resulting in excessive formation of fibrous tissue [119–121]. Interestingly, macrophages significantly increase their expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 when they are treated conjointly with polyethylene particles and pressure [122, 123].…”

Section: Integral Theory Of Periprosthetic Osteolysis Around Tkamentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteolysis around total knee arthroplasty: A review of pathogenetic mechanisms

et al. 2013

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Aseptic loosening and other wear-related complications are one of the most frequent late reasons for revision of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Periprosthetic osteolysis (PPOL) predates aseptic loosening in many cases indicating the clinical significance of this pathogenic mechanism. A variety of implant-, surgery-, and host-related factors have been delineated to explain the development of PPOL. These factors influence the development of PPOL due to changes in mechanical stresses within the vicinity of the prosthetic device, excessive wear of the polyethylene liner, and joint fluid pressure and flow acting on the peri-implant bone. The process of aseptic loosening is initially governed by factors such as implant/limb alignment, device fixation quality, and muscle coordination/strength. Later large numbers of wear particles detached from TKAs trigger and perpetuate particle disease, as highlighted by progressive growth of inflammatory/granulomatous tissue around the joint cavity. An increased accumulation of osteoclasts at the bone-implant interface, an impairment of osteoblast function, mechanical stresses, and an increased production of joint fluid contribute to bone resorption and subsequent loosening of the implant. In addition, hypersensitivity and adverse reactions to metal debris may contribute to aseptic TKA failure but should be determined more precisely. Patient activity level appears to be the most important factor when the long-term development of PPOL is considered. Surgical technique, implant design, and material factors are the most important preventative factors because they influence both the generation of wear debris and excessive mechanical stresses. New generations of bearing surfaces and designs for TKA should carefully address these important issues in extensive preclinical studies. Currently, there is little evidence that PPOL can be prevented with pharmacological interventions.

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Section: Integral Theory Of Periprosthetic Osteolysis Around Tkamentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteolysis around total knee arthroplasty: A review of pathogenetic mechanisms

et al. 2013

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“…Because physical properties of materials participate in the control of the stem cell fate,8 we hypothesized that the pillars on cell culture substrate enable cell growth in layers and the formation of 3D tissue structures instead of planar monolayer growth. Extension of the cells growing on the top of one pillar perhaps to the top of one or more other pillars increases internal cytoskeletal tension and regulates the shape of the cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation on three‐dimensional pillar surfaces

Kaivosoja

Suvanto

Barreto

et al. 2012

J Biomedical Materials Res

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We hypothesized that when compared with conventional two-dimensional (2D) cultures, substrates containing 3D micropillars would allow cells to grow at levels, activating their cytoskeleton to promote osteogenesis. Fibroblasts, osteoblast-like cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were studied. Planar substrates were compared with 200-nm-, 5-μm-, and 20-μm-high pillars of Ormocomp®, Si, diamond-like carbon, or TiO(2). Scanning electron microscopy and staining of actin cytoskeleton showed 7.5-h adhesion to pillar edges and 5-day stretching between adhesion contacts > 100-μm distances of fibroblast and MSC in 3D networks, whereas SaOS-2 cells adhered flatly and individually on horizontal and vertical surfaces. ERK and ROCK immunostaining at 14 and 21 days confirmed activation of the cytoskeleton. In contrast to expectations, success to induce osteogenesis was dominated by the cytocompatibility of the substrate over the 3D structure. This was shown using early alkaline phosphatase, intermediate osteopontin, and late mineralization markers, together with bone nodule formation, which were seen in planar substrates and low-profile TiO(2) pillars, but were poor in the 20-μm landscape. The lack of intercellular contacts seems to halt the osteogenesis-promoting effects of cytoskeletal organization and tension described earlier.

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“…The first one is correlated with the possibility of obtaining, in-vitro, developed vascular tissue [107,108]. In second instance, once a pseudo-physiological angiogenesis is achieved, the ambitious aim is to create engineered whole organs [109].…”

Section: • Mechanical Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

History and Applications of Hydrogels

Yahia¹

2015

J Biomed Sci

162

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Hydrogels have existed for more than half century, providing one of the earliest records of crosslinked hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) hydrogels. Today, hydrogels still fascinate material scientists and biomedical researchers and great strides have been made in terms of their formulations and applications. As a class of material, hydrogels are unique, they consist of a self-supporting, waterswollen three-dimensional (3D) viscoelastic network which permits the diffusion and attachment of molecules and cells. However, hydrogels have recently drawn great attention for use in a wide variety of biomedical applications such as cell therapeutics, wound healing, cartilage/bone regeneration and the sustained release of drugs. This is due to their biocompatibility and the similarity of their physical properties to natural tissue. This review aims to give an overview of the historic and the recent design concept of hydrogels and their several applications based on the old and the most recent publications in this field. Journal of Biomedical Sciences ISSN 2254-609XThis Article is Available in: www.jbiomeds.com 2 Hydrogels can be classified into two distinct categories, the natural and the synthetic hydrogels. Natural hydrogels include collagen, fibrin, hyaluronic acid, matrigel, and derivatives of natural materials such as chitosan, alginate and skill fibers. They remain the most physiological hydrogels as they are components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in vivo. Two main drawbacks of natural hydrogels, however, make their final microstructures and properties difficult to control reproducibly between experiments. First, the fine details of their mechanical properties and their dependence on polymerization or gelation conditions are often poorly understood. Second, due to their natural origin (bovine fibrinogen, rat tail collagen… their composition may vary from one batch to another.In contrast, synthetic hydrogels such as poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate, poly(acryl amide), poly(vinyl alcohol) are more reproducible, although their final structure can also depend on polymerization conditions in a subtle way, so that a rigorous control of the preparation protocol, including temperature and environment control, may be necessary. Generally speaking, synthetic hydrogels offer more flexibility for tuning chemical composition and mechanical properties; users can, for example vary the concentration or molecular weight of the precursor, or alter the percentage of crosslinkers. They can also be selected or tuned to be hydrolysable or biodegradable over variable periods of time.Hydrogels may be chemically stable or they may degrade and eventually disintegrate and dissolve. They are called «reversible» or «physical» gels when the networks are held together by molecular entanglements, and/or secondary forces including ionic, H-bonding or hydrophobic forces (Figure 2) [3]. Physical hydrogels are not homogeneous, since clusters of molecular entanglements, or hydrophobically-or ionically-associated domains, can create in h...

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Chemical and physical properties of regenerative medicine materials controlling stem cell fate

Cited by 76 publications

References 144 publications

Osteolysis around total knee arthroplasty: A review of pathogenetic mechanisms

Osteolysis around total knee arthroplasty: A review of pathogenetic mechanisms

Cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation on three‐dimensional pillar surfaces

History and Applications of Hydrogels

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