Chemical and physical variations of cannabis smoke from a variety of cannabis samples in New Zealand

Sheehan, Thomas; Hamnett, Hilary; Beasley, Richard; Fitzmaurice, Paul S.

doi:10.1080/20961790.2018.1445937

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…We observed a greater proportion of individuals without a history of cancer reporting inhalation methods compared to cancer survivors. This is potentially worrisome because of increasing concern of adverse effects on the respiratory system associated with inhalation of cannabis, as well as some studies suggesting that cannabis smoke may contain toxic components similar to tobacco smoke 46–50 . Conversely, our findings suggest that individuals consuming cannabis for medical purposes had higher odds of using oral consumption, as well as more frequent use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Cannabis use among cancer survivors in 22 states: Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2020

Sedani

Campbell

Beebe

2023

Cancer

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Background This study identified factors associated with recent cannabis use and cannabis use for medical purposes among cancer survivors relative to individuals without a history of cancer. Methods Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analyzed for the 22 states completing the optional cannabis module in 2020. Weighted multiple logistic regression was performed to explore variables associated with past 30‐day cannabis use and cannabis use for medical purposes, stratified by history of cancer. Covariates included state‐level cannabis policy, sociodemographic characteristics, health status indicators, and substance use. Results Cannabis use was lower among cancer survivors compared to individuals with no history of cancer (7.57% vs. 10.83%). However, a higher proportion of cancer survivors reported use for medical purposes (82.23% vs. 62.58%). After adjusting for state‐level policy, biological sex, age, educational attainment, self‐reported race/ethnicity, home ownership, mental health status and physical health status, current smoking (odds ratio [OR], 5.14 vs. 3.74) and binge drinking (OR, 2.71 vs. 2.69) were associated with cannabis use in both groups. Characteristics associated with medical cannabis use varied for the two groups; however, daily use (20–30 days; OR, 1.72 vs. 2.43) was associated with cannabis use for medical purposes in both groups after adjusting for other variables in the model. Conclusions A high proportion of individuals report cannabis use for medical purposes with higher rates among cancer survivors. Findings support the urgent need for ongoing cannabis research to better understand and inform its use for medical purposes, as well as the development of high‐quality standardized education materials and clinical practice guidelines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Cannabis use among cancer survivors in 22 states: Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2020

Sedani

Campbell

Beebe

2023

Cancer

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“…Studies have identified terpenoids as the primary variable in Cannabis smoke across plant varieties, presenting a 40-fold range of total terpenoid content. 33 In tobacco cigarettes, differences in filters, which have been used to reduce harmful volatile constituents in mainstream smoke, impact observed carbonyl yields. 34 In addition, fast-burning, bleached, and flavored papers have been observed to contribute to higher levels of aerosol toxicants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonyl Compounds in Mainstream Smoke of Hemp Cigarettes

Ward

Ebbert

2021

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research

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Introduction: CBD is a major phytocannabinoid in hemp (Cannabis sativa containing less than 0.3% THC). Hemp cigarettes are a combustible form of hemp consisting of dried and smokable flowers, which represent 2% of the overall CBD market, and the market is expected to grow. Combustion and pyrolysis of organic material are associated with the production of carbonyl compounds, which are known toxicants and are associated with adverse health outcomes. Concentrations of carbonyl compounds in mainstream hemp cigarette smoke are unknown. Materials and Methods: We analyzed and compared carbonyl concentrations in the mainstream smoke produced by a hemp cigarette (Brand B), a premium hemp cigarette (Brand A), Marlboro Red tobacco cigarette, and a research reference tobacco cigarette using high-performance liquid chromatography. We measured carbonyl concentrations in lg per puff and mg per cigarette. Carbonyls investigated were formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, 2-butanone, and butyraldehyde. Significance was determined using Tukey's test. Results: We observed that Brand B had significantly higher butyraldehyde than any cigarette. No significant differences were observed in crotonaldehyde concentration in the cigarettes. For the remaining carbonyls, Brand A had consistently lower concentrations in mainstream smoke than tobacco cigarettes. Hemp cigarettes emit carbonyls in a lower concentration in lg/puff than tobacco cigarettes, but the magnitude of significance generally decreases when normalized to mg/cigarette. Conclusions: Smoke from hemp cigarettes contains carbonyls at biologically significant concentrations. Opportunities may exist to reduce carbonyl production in these products, and identified potential risks must be considered when balancing the harms and benefits of hemp cigarettes when used for therapeutic purposes.

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“…However, their experimental design differed from ours in that they operated under continuous aspiration conditions while we used more realistic aspiration/rest cycle conditions. Hädener et al [48] used a vaping machine but for dabbing butane hash oil, while Sheehan et al [49] used a smoking machine to characterise the chemical and physical composition of cannabis smoke. This underlines the need to standardise experimental conditions for testing portable cannabis vaporisers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Vaping Machine for the Sampling of THC and CBD Aerosols Generated by Two Portable Dry Herb Cannabis Vaporisers

Carrara¹,

Giroud²,

Concha-Lozano³

2020

Med Cannabis Cannabinoids

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Cannabis sativa is known for its recreational use, but also for its therapeutic potential. There has been wide discussion over the use of cannabis for medical purposes in recent years, especially because a consensus has not been reached regarding its risk/benefit balance. Among the more common modes of administration, vaping with a vaporiser is most frequently used for self-medication. Vaping seems to be a better alternative to preventing adverse health effects due to toxic compounds produced during combustion when cannabis is smoked. However, the delivery kinetics and efficiency of most portable vaporisers are not fully characterised with an appropriate vaping regime. This determination requires a specific vaping machine operating under realistic puffing conditions. In this study, a vaping machine was conceived to fit with the common uses of portable vaporisers that requires conditions different from those used for electronic cigarettes. The experimental setup in this study was optimised to sample aerosolised cannabinoids. The delivery kinetics, efficiency, and decarboxylation yields of two commercially available vaporisers (DaVinci ® and Mighty Medic ®) were evaluated for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Among all tested sampling supports, the glass fibre filter is the most efficient medium to collect mixed THC and CBD aerosols. From the delivery kinetics of cannabinoids, a single-parameter model was used to calculate the extraction coefficient of each vaporiser. The results show that the Mighty Medic ® vaporiser had a higher extraction coefficient (0.39) and a more immediate release of cannabinoids than the DaVinci ® vaporiser (0.16), which had a gradual and slower rate of vaporisation. This parameter could be a quantitative input in pharmacokinetic models of administration of volatile compounds using vaporisers and a useful tool for the comparison of vaporisers.

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Chemical and physical variations of cannabis smoke from a variety of cannabis samples in New Zealand

Cited by 19 publications

References 52 publications

Cannabis use among cancer survivors in 22 states: Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2020

Cannabis use among cancer survivors in 22 states: Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2020

Carbonyl Compounds in Mainstream Smoke of Hemp Cigarettes

Development of a Vaping Machine for the Sampling of THC and CBD Aerosols Generated by Two Portable Dry Herb Cannabis Vaporisers

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