Chemical, antimicrobial, and molecular characterization of mortiño (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth) fruits and leaves

Abstract

Fruits and leaves of Vaccinium spp. are known for their high content of bioactive compounds, but the chemical and biological characteristics of mortiño (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth) have not been fully described. In this study, the levels of polyphenols, antioxidant capacity, anthocyanins, antimicrobial activity, and genetic variability were determined in mortiño plants. The Folin–Ciocalteu's, ABTS scavenging, pH differential, and well diffusion methods were used to evaluate the levels of polyphenols, antioxidant capacity, anthocyanins, and antimicrobial activity, respectively. The genetic variability was evaluated by sequencing of the matK and rbcl DNA regions. Polyphenol content was up to 229.81 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g, the average antioxidant capacity was 11.01 mmol Trolox equivalents/100 g, and anthocyanin content was up to 1,095.39 mg/100 g. Mortiño extracts significantly inhibited the growth of Gram‐negative bacteria including Burkholderia gladioli, Burkholderia cepacia, Salmonella Typhimurium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomona aeruginosa, as well as Gram‐positive bacteria such as Probionibacterium propionicum, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis showing greater inhibition halos than those produced by the antibiotic ampicillin. A polymorphic nucleotide was found in position 739 of the matK region. This study shows the potential of mortiño for the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Characterization of Andean Blueberry in Bioactive Compounds, Evaluation of Biological Properties, and In Vitro Bioaccessibility

“…Previous works have reported ORAC values of blueberries in the range 350–1000 µmol TE g −1 DW [ 44 , 45 ], ABTS · results from 100 to 300 µmol TE g −1 DW [ 10 , 26 ], and DPPH − values of 70–350 µmol TE g −1 DW [ 46 ], reflecting great differences among genotypes, varieties, development and ripening stage of the fruit, and contents of (poly) phenolic compounds. Thus, Andean blueberry can provide a good source of antioxidants in the diet, with potential benefits to human health.…”

“…These results are varied and influenced by many factors, including differences among varieties, maturity of the fruit, environmental parameters, and pre-/postharvest handling [ 8 ]. Aside from phytochemical evaluation, in vitro antioxidant capacities [ 7 , 9 ] and antimicrobial activities [ 10 ] have been reported in Andean blueberry. However, further experiments are required before taking a step ahead through in vivo assays and clinical trials.…”

Cytotoxic and Anti-inflammatory Terpenoids from the Whole Plant of Vaccinium emarginatum

“…Its cytotoxicity was associated with the EtOAc-soluble fraction, which more potently inhibited PC-3 proliferation with 35.1 % (± 1.2) inhibition at the same concentration. The phytochemical investigation of the EtOAc-soluble fraction of the V. emarginatum MeOH extract yielded two new Δ 12 ursenetype triterpenoid coumaroyl esters (1 and 2), one new Δ 12 isopimarane-type diterpenoid glycoside (20), and two new irido-δ-lactone-type iridoids (21 and 22), together with 17 known pentacyclic triterpenoids (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)) (▶ Fig. 1).…”

“…are often utilized as natural functional foods [3]. Vaccinium species are rich sources of naturally occurring dietary phytochemicals, which are mostly represented by iridoids, sterols, triterpenoids, and phenolics, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins [2], which show a wide range of bioactivities, such as antioxidative [3][4][5], anti-inflammatory [5], antidiabetic [6], antimicrobial [4,5,7], and chemopreventive [8,9] properties. Phytochemicals isolated from Vaccinium species with promising biological activities have caught the attention of an increasing number of researchers because of their structural novelty and diversity.…”

Antioxidant and anti-Salmonella activities of eggplant peel compounds obtained by solvent-free calcium-based extraction

“…The presence of chlorogenic acid in the 1% CaCO 3 EP extract could be related to the inhibitory effect observed against Salmonella. This acid has been demonstrated to be able to disrupt the bacterial cell membrane (Li, Wang, Xu, Zhang, & Xia, 2014), and anthocyanins present in the peel of fruits such as pomegranates (Wafa et al, 2017) and blueberries (Lacombe, Wu, White, Tadepalli, & Andre, 2012;Llivisaca et al, 2018) have shown antimicrobial capacity against Salmonella (Ma et al, 2019).…”