Chemical bases for maize grain resistance to infestation and damage by the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky

Nwosu, Luke Chinaru

doi:10.1016/j.jspr.2016.06.001

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Sitophilus oryzae successfully fed and developed in the grains of the sampled rice brands, showing that rice (source of starch and protein) is not only required in human nutrition but also needed by insects as staple. This is not surprising because it has been reported that weevils require starch and protein in order to grow and to lay eggs (Nwosu 2016 ). Rice contains 70 to 80% starch, 7% protein, 1.5% oils and vitamins A, B and C (Kochhar 1986 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Susceptibility of ten rice brands to weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and their influence on the insect and infestation rate

2021

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Background Susceptibility studies keep farmers, managers and household users informed and enhance breeding program’s testing against infestation and damage by storage insect pests. Therefore, laboratory tests were carried out to examine the susceptibility of ten rice brands to rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), infestation under temperature and relative humidity of 25 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5%, respectively. The specific objectives of the study were to identify some commercially available rice brands with resistance to S. oryzae, by determining whether brand difference influences insect body weight at emergence and whether infestation is related to brand palatability and appearance. The ten brands used for the study were royale stallion, Mama royale, parboiled rice, Mama gold, white rice, Super eagle, Indian rice, champion rice, Abakiliki rice and Mama Africa, and standard methods were used to achieve the objectives. The indices measured were F1 progeny emergence, grain weight loss and frass accumulation. Results The results showed that Abakiliki rice was poor in both palatability and appearance, whereas Super eagle was the most palatable and white rice was visually excellent. The results further showed that no brand was resistant to infestation and damage by S. oryzae. Males that were bred on the different rice brands did not differ in weight at emergence, but the weight of females at emergence was influenced by brand difference, and this suggests that female insects are more sensitive to brand difference at weight gain. Conclusion Palatability and appearance were important in the susceptibility of rice brands to S. oryzae. The proliferation of diverse genotypes of rice (branded) with enhanced resistance to S. oryzae should be strongly encouraged to reduce susceptibility and increase rice security.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Susceptibility of ten rice brands to weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and their influence on the insect and infestation rate

2021

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“…Ash content in maize varieties varies with genotype and is known to influence the mineral composition [47,48]. In the current study, the local varieties had significantly higher levels of ash, Mg, P, and K compared to the hybrid one.…”

Section: Fertilizer Type Influence the Physicochemical Properties In ...mentioning

confidence: 45%

Fertilizer Effects on Endosperm Physicochemical Properties and Resistance to Larger Grain Borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), in Malawian Local Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties: Potential for Utilization of Ca and Mg Nutrition

et al. 2021

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Maize grain hardness influences storage pest resistance, a key characteristic valued by smallholder farmers. The structural changes in the endosperm determine grain hardness and are influenced by agronomic practices. The purpose of this study was to establish whether supply of calcium and magnesium based fertilizers can alter physicochemical properties of local and hybrid maize varieties and reduce the infestation by larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)) during storage. Two local and one hybrid maize varieties commonly grown by smallholder farmers in Malawi were cultivated under three fertilizer treatments (NPK (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium), NPK plus gypsum, and NPK plus dolomite). After harvest, the grains were classified into flint and dent types, followed by P. truncatus infestation and determination of their physicochemical properties. The addition of gypsum and dolomite fertilizers led to higher levels of amylose, total zein and β-14 zein, traits associated with kernel hardness, compared to the application of NPK fertilizer. Moreover, local maize varieties showed higher resistance to P. truncatus infestation, hardness and biochemical properties associated with hardness (total zein, α-19 and β-14 zein, starch lysophosphatidylcholine, and non-starch free fatty acid) compared to hybrid variety. Our study suggests the potential for utilizing Ca and Mg nutrition in maize to improve kernel hardness, thus adoption of gypsum and dolomite by smallholder farmers may be beneficial against P. truncatus during storage.

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“…Por otro lado, Nwosu (2016) observó que el comportamiento de Sitophilus zeamais está condicionado por la susceptibilidad del material, la preferencia de la ovoposición es en materiales altamente susceptibles, con altos niveles de proteína y almidón. Este mismo comportamiento fue observado por Abebe et al (2009) quienes relacionaron la susceptibilidad con la dureza de la semilla, en semillas duras los insectos solamente se alimentaban, pero no había ovoposición, por lo que la población de insectos se reducía considerablemente.…”

Section: Preferencia Por Color De Semillaunclassified

“…El endospermo y el eje embrionario son de las estructuras que prefiere Sitophilus zeamais y corresponden donde se concentra la mayor parte de proteínas y almidones, por lo que influyen directamente en la susceptibilidad de las poblaciones (Nwosu, 2016). Fueron registradas diferencias (p≤ 0.05) en todas las estructuras evaluadas.…”

Section: Composición Estructural De Las Semillasunclassified

Susceptibilidad de poblaciones nativas de maíz y preferencia del gorgojo en Yucatán, México

Rangel

Burgos-Díaz

Tucuch-Haas

et al. 2020

Remexca

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Uno de los problemas con el almacenamiento de semillas en maíz es la presencia de plagas que merman la calidad. Para hacer frente a este problema, se emplean materiales con poca o nula susceptibilidad. Las variedades nativas de maíz en Yucatán son reservorios de genes para resistencia a plagas de almacén. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el ataque de gorgojo (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) en ocho poblaciones de maíz y dos variedades testigo. Para determinar la susceptibilidad, 100 semillas de cada población se expusieron a la presencia de 100 gorgojos por 15 días, con 10 repeticiones, las variables fueron número de gorgojos vivos, pérdida de peso y porcentaje de grano dañado. La preferencia se determinó colocando en un mismo recipiente 100 semillas de cada población y 1 000 gorgojos, fueron almacenados por 30 días y repetido cinco veces. Se registró el porcentaje de grano dañado por color. La mayor susceptibilidad se presentó en las poblaciones Chichen Itza, Sac beh y Nal t’eel blanco, las dos primeras registraron el mayor porcentaje de grano dañado, con 15% por encima de las demás poblaciones evaluadas, mientras que la población Nal t’eel blanco registró 6.1% por encima de la menor pérdida. La preferencia del insecto fue hacia los granos de color blanco. El pericarpio (0.495) y escutelo (0.418) mostraron relación con la presencia de granos dañados. Existen diferencias en la susceptibilidad y preferencia de las poblaciones evaluadas, lo que indica variabilidad que puede aprovecharse en programas de mejoramiento genético.

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Chemical bases for maize grain resistance to infestation and damage by the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Susceptibility of ten rice brands to weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and their influence on the insect and infestation rate

Susceptibility of ten rice brands to weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and their influence on the insect and infestation rate

Fertilizer Effects on Endosperm Physicochemical Properties and Resistance to Larger Grain Borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), in Malawian Local Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties: Potential for Utilization of Ca and Mg Nutrition

Susceptibilidad de poblaciones nativas de maíz y preferencia del gorgojo en Yucatán, México

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