Chemical Change of Pesticides Used for Golf Links in Chlorinated Water.

Ohto, Mikiya; Yamamoto, Atsushi; Matsunaga, Akira; Takayanagi, Nobutaka; Kemmei, Tomoko; Saitō, Yukio; Mizukami, Eiichi

doi:10.5985/jec.3.59

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…As free chlorine increased, thiuram decreased and it could not be detected at 3 mg/L (85 µM) free chlorine. This was the same as the result that the amount of chlorine consumed per mole of thiuram was ∼30 mol (Ohto et al, 1993). Although byproduct E was increased with a decrease of thiuram, this byproduct also could not be detected at 10 mg/L free chlorine.…”

Section: Degradation Of Thiuram and Its Oxidation Byproducts At Vario...supporting

confidence: 81%

“…In Japan, a regulation of the Ministry of Health and Welfare requires the level of thiuram remaining in tap water to be <6 µg/L. There are many studies on the analysis of thiuram in river, pond, and tap water (Ohto et al, 1993;Suzuki et al, 1993;Kodama et al, 1995;Moreno-Tovar and Santos-Delgado, 1995;Kiso et al, 1996). Miles and Moye (1988) reported that methylamine derived from thiuram by UV photolysis could be detected by fluorescene assay after reacting with ophthalaldehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suzuki et al (1993) showed that thiuram spiked in tap water containing 0.3-0.4 mg/L free available chlorine disappeared without any treatment and the loss was overcome by the addition of sodium sulfide before spiking of the pesticide. Thiuram has been known to be degraded immediately during water puri-fication using sodium hypochlorite, and ∼30 mol of sodium hypochlorite reacted with a thiuram molecule (Ohto et al, 1993). Chew and Harpp (1993) observed that the oxidation of thiuram using thionyl chloride or chlorine gas in carbon tetrachloride gave N,N-dimethylthiocarbamyl chloride and diatomic sulfur, but, so far, little has been reported on the byproducts of thiuram in tap water processed by oxidation with sodium hypochlorite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Major Degradation Pathway of Thiuram in Tap Water Processed by Oxidation with Sodium Hypochlorite

Kodama

Yamamoto

Ohto

et al. 1999

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Thiuram (3 microM), a fungicide, was incubated in deionized water by adding 0-100 mg/L free chlorine at 30 degrees C for 30 min, and the solution was analyzed by HPLC and IC. The byproducts were identified by LC/MS, EI-MS, infrared, and (13)C NMR spectra and a reduction technique using 2-mercaptoethanol. On the basis of these results, it was found that the oxidation of thiuram with sodium hypochlorite initially produced an intermediate dimethylthiocarbamoyl dimethylcarbamoyl disulfide, which was finally degraded to bis(dimethylcarbamoyl) disulfide, its trisulfide, and dimethylamine. Subsequently, it was suggested that monitoring of bis(dimethylcarbamoyl) disulfide, its trisulfide, and dimethylamine should be included for the management and control of thiuram in tap water processed by oxidation with sodium hypochlorite.

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Section: Degradation Of Thiuram and Its Oxidation Byproducts At Vario...supporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Major Degradation Pathway of Thiuram in Tap Water Processed by Oxidation with Sodium Hypochlorite

Kodama

Yamamoto

Ohto

et al. 1999

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Thiram has been reported to undergo degradation during water purification using sodium hypochlorite. [8] Miles and Moye [9] identified a number of products by UV-visible photolysis and photo-oxidation of thiram due to C-S and S-S bond fissions. Kodama et al [10] studied the oxidative degradation pathway of thiram in tap Downloaded by [University of Bath] at 10:26 02 November 2014…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of degradation products of thiram in water, soil and plants using LC-MS technique

Gupta

Rani

Kumar

et al. 2012

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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In order to evaluate the deleterious effects of exposure to pesticides on a target population, a comprehensive study on their degradation in the various segments of ecosystem under varying environmental conditions is needed. In view of this, a study has been carried out on the metabolic pathways of thiram, a dithiocarbamate fungicide, in a variety of matrices namely water and soil under controlled conditions and plants in field conditions. The identification of degradation products was carried out in samples collected at various time points using LC-MS. The degradation products identified can be rationalized as originating by a variety of processes like hydrolysis, oxidation, N-dealkylation and cyclization. As a result of these processes the presence of some metabolites like dimethyl dithiocarbamate, bis(dimethyl carbamoyl) disulphide, bis(dimethyl dithiocarbamoyl) trisulphide and N-methyl-amino-dithiocarbamoyl sulphide was observed in all the cases. However, some different metabolites were observed with the change in the matrix or its characteristics such as cyclised products 2(N, N-dimethyl amino)thiazoline carboxylic acid and 2-thioxo-4-thiazolidine were observed only in plants. The investigations reflect that degradation initiates with hydrolysis, subsequently oxidation/dealkylation, followed by different types of reactions. The pathways seem to be complex and dependent on the matrices. Dimethyl dithiocarbamate and oxon metabolites, which are more toxic than parent compound, seem to persist for a longer time. Results indicate persistence vis-a-vis toxicity of pesticide and its metabolites and also provide a data bank of metabolites for forensic and epidemiological investigations.

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“…In this context, physical-chemical methods seem to be the effective solution to degrade or remove these pollutants from the contaminated media. Several works in the literature discuss the degradation of TTDS and other common pesticides in aqueous solution by chemical oxidation, − using ozone and ultraviolet radiation, and by TiO 2 photocatalytic degradation. , Moreover, for some specific situations, such as highly polluted but relatively narrow spots (e.g., local spilled persistent organic pollutants), supercritical fluid extraction (a physical-chemical treatment) has been shown to be a good choice to be used as remediation technology. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Modeling of the Solubility of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide and 2-Nitrophenyl Disulfide in Compressed Propane

Martínez¹,

Martín²,

Rincón³

2012

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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The solubility of tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TTDS) and 2-nitrophenyl disulfide (NPDS) in sub-and supercritical propane has been experimentally determined in a static view cell, for temperatures between (347 and 393) K and pressures in the range (4.8 to 12.9) MPa. The solubilities of TTDS varied from (0.09 to 0.67) mg of solute per gram of propane, whereas those of NPDS were from (0.06 to 0.70) mg of solute per gram of propane within the experimental range studied. It was found that larger values of the solubility were obtained at higher pressures. Regarding the temperature effect, for NPDS the solubility rose with increasing values of the variable in the whole experimental range analyzed, while for TTDS higher solubilities were found at 370 K (the critical temperature of propane). The solubility values obtained for these compounds were compared to those of anthracene, carbazole, and dibenzothiophene (DBT) in propane. It was observed that TTDS and NPDS solubilities are similar to those of carbazole and 1 or 2 orders of magnitude smaller than those of anthracene or DBT. These results have been explained taking into account the solute's vapor pressure and the polarity of both the solvent and the solutes. With this purpose, dipole moments of all solutes compared were calculated using the HyperChem computational chemistry package. TTDS and NPDS solubility in propane was modeled by the Peng−Robinson equation of state. Using a set of mixing rules with two parameters a good fitting of the experimental results was attained. Physical properties of TTDS and NPDS required for solubility modeling by the Peng−Robinson equation were calculated using estimation methods previously proposed in the literature.

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Chemical Change of Pesticides Used for Golf Links in Chlorinated Water.

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Major Degradation Pathway of Thiuram in Tap Water Processed by Oxidation with Sodium Hypochlorite

Major Degradation Pathway of Thiuram in Tap Water Processed by Oxidation with Sodium Hypochlorite

Identification of degradation products of thiram in water, soil and plants using LC-MS technique

Measurement and Modeling of the Solubility of Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide and 2-Nitrophenyl Disulfide in Compressed Propane

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