Chemical Changes in apple tree tissues following applications of fertiliser nitrogen

Hill-Cottingham, D. G.; Bollard, E. G.

doi:10.1080/00288233.1965.10423713

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Although the MS (6) medium has been proven effective for general use in tissue culture (7,8), Anderson ( 1) found that a reduction of potassium in the MS formula reduced toxicity to…”

Section: A Revised Tissue Culture Medium For Shoot Multiplication Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physiological importance of stored N in support of tree growth in early spring has been determined (7,13,16,17,18,19) but often is ignored by investigators evaluating the possible influence of differential timing of N applications on cropping in fruit trees (9). Recent investigations increasingly have utilized small, potted fruit trees maintained in sand culture as model systems (3,19,23).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Time of Nitrogen Application and Soil Texture on the Availability of Isotopically Labeled Fertilizer Nitrogen to Reproductive and Vegetative Tissue of Mature Almond Trees

Weinbaum

Klein

Broadbent

et al. 1984

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Mature almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill) D.A. Webb] trees growing on light-(Delhi sand) and heavy-textured (Yolo silty clay loam) soils were fertilized with 15N-depleted ammonium sulfate at different times during the year to permit direct measurement of fertilizer N within the trees. The distribution of fertilizer N between vegetative and reproductive organs was monitored during both the year of application, 1980, and the subsequent year. The later that fertilizer N was applied during the season, the less fertilizer N was recovered in the fruit and leaves that year, and the greater its N contribution to these organs was the following year. Isotopic labeling of fruit and leaves appeared to be relatively unaffected by soil texture during the year of fertilizer application. During the subsequent year, however, the recovery of fertilizer N by fruit and leaves was 2-fold greater on the heavy-textured soil than on the light-textured soil. Recovery of labeled N in fruit was relatively low on both soil types following application of fertilizer during the dormant period. Isotopic N was recovered in fruit in both 1980 and 1981 and constituted about 20% to 28% of fruit N at most. About 25% of the applied N was removed in the fruit on the heavy-textured soil over a 2-year period. Up to 1 kg N per tree was removed annually in the harvested fruit.

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“…Although the MS (6) medium has been proven effective for general use in tissue culture (7,8), Anderson ( 1) found that a reduction of potassium in the MS formula reduced toxicity to…”

Section: A Revised Tissue Culture Medium For Shoot Multiplication Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Time of Nitrogen Application and Soil Texture on the Availability of Isotopically Labeled Fertilizer Nitrogen to Reproductive and Vegetative Tissue of Mature Almond Trees

Weinbaum

Klein

Broadbent

et al. 1984

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…In apple trees, the major conoften occur in the same form as taken up by the roots, stituents of nitrogen in the extracted xylem sap are though roots are able to convert inorganic nitrogen to glutamine, asparagine, arginine and aspartate, whereas organic nitrogen. The main nitrogenous constituents of nitrate is absent (Bollard 1953, 1957, 1960the xylem are usually present as nitrate aod/or N-rich, Cottingham and Bollard 1965, Tromp and Ovaa 1967, organic tnolecuies. Transport of nitrate has been 1969, Coopered a/.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major nitrogen compounds transported in xylem vessels from roots to top in Citrus trees

Kato¹

1981

Physiologia Plantarum

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Kato, T. 1981. Major nitrogen compounds transported in xylem vessels from roots to top in Citrus trees, -Physiol. Plant. 52: 275-279.Four-year-old citrus trees {Citrus unshiu Marcovitch) were fed via the roots with ("NH4)2SO4 or K"NO3 as a nitrogen source. Nitrogenous compounds and their isotopic abundances in fine roots and xylem sap ffotn trunks were assayed in order to obtain information on the species of nitrogen released by the root system into the ascending xylem stream. Arginine, asparagine, nitrate and proline in xylem sap accounted for 48, 21, 13 and! 10%, respectively, of the totai nitrogenous constitaeots tested in the sap. However, in the trees fed with labelled amtnonium the main nitrogenous compound labelled witĥ^N in the xylem sap was asparagine and glutamme, which accounted for 79% and 18%, respectively,, of total labelled nitrogen. In the xylem sap of trees fed with labelled nitrate, nitrate accotinted for 94% of total labelled nitrogen. Nitrate aod asparagine followed by glutamine showed the highest ratios of isotopic abundance in xylem sap as compared to fitie roots. Proline and arginine had much lower ratios. These results indicate that nitrate, asparagine and glotamine are the main nitrogenous compounds released by the roots to the sylem stream,, whereas arginine and proline are released into the xyiem vessels by the trunk tissues. Furthermore, nitrate and asparagine are probably in steady movement upward in the trunk xylem, whereas glutamine is more easily taken up by the trunk tissues than nitrate and asparagine.

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“…during the season before); and stored within the trees; and newly absorbed N from the soil. The application of N fertiliser at any time in the season results in higher concentration of N in dormant shoots the next winter, increasing N in both xylem sap and total N in leaves following fertiliser application (Hill-Cottingham & Bollard 1965). Further studies are planned to investigate how N concentration and transformation with plant growth can influence European canker disease in planta.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of nitrogen source on in vitro growth of Neonectria ditissima (European canker)

Campbell

Chevalier

Touron

et al. 2018

NZPP

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Nitrogen fertilisers are widely used in apple orchards. However, the effects of various nitrogen sources on growth and sporulation of the fungus Neonectria ditissima, which causes European canker, are not fully understood. The effects of various nitrogen sources commonly used in apple orchards (potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, NitrophoskaÂ® and urea) on percent germination and germtube growth of N. ditissima conidia were tested in vitro. Nitrogen concentrations below 0.2 mol/L did not significantly affect percent conidial germination; however, concentrations above 0.2 mol/L significantly decreased germination. Germtube growth was also affected, generally decreasing with increased N. Percent germination was influenced by the N source, but germtube growth was not. Very low concentrations of urea were indicated to stimulate germtube growth. Higher concentrations, showed toxic effects on both germination and germtube growth. The presence of exogenous N from various sources did not affect initial germination and growth in the N. ditissima infection process of apple tissues.

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Chemical Changes in apple tree tissues following applications of fertiliser nitrogen

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of Time of Nitrogen Application and Soil Texture on the Availability of Isotopically Labeled Fertilizer Nitrogen to Reproductive and Vegetative Tissue of Mature Almond Trees

Effects of Time of Nitrogen Application and Soil Texture on the Availability of Isotopically Labeled Fertilizer Nitrogen to Reproductive and Vegetative Tissue of Mature Almond Trees

Major nitrogen compounds transported in xylem vessels from roots to top in Citrus trees

The effect of nitrogen source on in vitro growth of Neonectria ditissima (European canker)

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