Chemical characterisation of aerosols emitted by electronic cigarettes using thermal desorption–gas chromatography–time of flight mass spectrometry

Rawlinson, Christopher; Martin, Stuart S.; Frosina, Justin; Wright, Chris

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.050

Cited by 52 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Studies of vape liquids consistently confi rm the presence of toxic substances in the resulting vape aerosol. [37][38][39][40] Depending on the combination of fl avorings and solvents in a given e-liquid, a variety of chemicals can be detected in the aerosol from various vaping devices. Chemicals that may be detected include known irritants of respiratory mucosa, as well as various carcinogens.…”

Section: ■ Bad Things In E-liquid Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaping: The new wave of nicotine addiction

Dinardo

Rome

2019

CCJM

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Vaping devices, introduced to the US market in 2007 as aids for smoking cessation, have become popular among youth and young adults because of their enticing fl avors and perceived lack of negative health effects. However, evidence is emerging that vaping may introduce high levels of dangerous chemicals into the body and cause severe lung injury and death. This article reviews the history and prevalence of vaping and available research on its health effects and effi cacy in smoking cessation, and proposes recommendations for clinicians and legislators to reduce harms associated with vaping. KEY POINTS Vaping is a common gateway to tobacco and marijuana use for adolescents and adults. The Juul vaping device delivers high nicotine concentrations that may pose a higher risk of nicotine addiction. Vaping has had unintended consequences that include poisoning of children who swallowed liquid nicotine, fi res and explosions from defective batteries in the devices, and effects on the developing brain. Vaping is associated with respiratory illness and, in rare cases, death, likely due to vaporized agents introduced into the lungs. Small amounts of heavy metals, acetone, and other carcinogenic compounds in the vaping aerosol may cause lung damage.

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Section: ■ Bad Things In E-liquid Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaping: The new wave of nicotine addiction

Dinardo

Rome

2019

CCJM

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“…As previously indicated, in addition to nicotine, ENDS usage exposes the user, including the developing conceptus, to constituents of the aerosol generated from vaporization of the base e-liquid. These include known carcinogens and toxic chemicals such as nitrosamines, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, propylene glycol, glycerin and the heavy metals lead, chromium, manganese and nickel (Geiss, Bianchi, Barahona, & Barrero-Moreno, 2015;Goniewicz et al, 2014;Hess, Olmedo, Navas-Acien, et al, 2017;Logue, Sleiman, Montesinos, et al, 2017;Olmedo et al, 2018;Rawlinson, Martin, Frosina, & Wright, 2017;Sleiman, Logue, Montesinos, et al, 2016;Williams, Villarreal, Bozhilov, Lin, & Talbot, 2013), all toxic when inhaled. The apparent source of many of the heavy metals is leakage from the e-cigarette heating coils into the aerosols that users inhale (Olmedo et al, 2018).…”

Section: Are Ends a "Safer Alternative" To Tobacco Smoking During Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental toxicity of e‐cigarette aerosols

Greene

Pisano

2019

Birth Defects Research

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Maternal smoking during pregnancy represents a major public health concern increasing the risk for low birth weight, congenital anomalies, preterm birth, fetal mortality, and morbidity. In an effort to diminish adverse developmental effects of exposure to cigarette smoking, pregnant women, and women of reproductive age, are increasingly turning to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), such as e‐cigarettes, as an alternative. Given that health risks associated with ENDS use during pregnancy are largely unknown, there is an acute need to determine risks vs. benefits of e‐cigarette use by pregnant women. While the most recent Surgeon General's Report on the “Health Consequences of Smoking” states that “the evidence is sufficient to infer that nicotine adversely affects maternal and fetal health during pregnancy, contributing to multiple adverse outcomes,” it remains unclear whether use of ENDS represents a “safer alternative” to tobacco smoking during pregnancy. This is due, in part, to the lack of sufficient and conclusive evidence concerning whether or not maternal e‐cigarette use adversely affects embryonic/fetal development. While several recent developmental studies have challenged the safety of nicotine inhalation via ENDS, the true risks of smoking e‐cigarettes during the first trimester of pregnancy—the period of organogenesis—are largely unknown. Moreover, evidence is emerging that even nicotine‐free e‐cigarette aerosols may harm the developing conceptus, suggesting that components of e‐cigarette liquid, including flavorings, may be developmentally toxicity. Focused human epidemiological analyses, and carefully designed animal studies are critically needed to address the question of the safety of ENDS use during pregnancy.

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“…12,13 Many of the toxicants in tobacco smoke are simply not present in e-cigarette aerosols at detectable levels when assessed using machinebased aerosol generation or are at levels equivalent to the tolerances allowed in medicinal products. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] A recent review of chemical, toxicological, and clinical studies for both e-cigarette liquids and aerosols indicated that they contain reduced levels of harmful chemicals and emissions, induced significantly less cytotoxicity, and resulted in fewer cardiovascular and respiratory functional effects when compared with reported data on tobacco cigarettes. 1 Romagna et al reported e-cigarette aerosol to be significantly less cytotoxic than tobacco smoke in fibroblasts, 20 and Farsalinos et al concluded the same findings in myocardial cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition and In Vitro Toxicity Profile of a Pod-Based E-Cigarette Aerosol Compared to Cigarette Smoke

Rudd

Stevenson

Wieczorek

et al. 2020

Applied In Vitro Toxicology

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Introduction: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) aerosol is understood to provide reduced exposure to harmful toxicants compared with tobacco cigarette smoke, as it delivers nicotine and flavors without the use of tobacco. Published studies have shown that e-cigarette aerosol is chemically simple compared with tobacco smoke and corresponding reductions in toxicity in vitro have been demonstrated. However, comprehensive analytical and in vitro assessments of many widely available and currently marketed products, including pod-based systems, are limited. Materials and Methods: Here we report comparative data for aerosol emissions and in vitro toxicity, using the neutral red uptake, the bacterial reverse mutation, and in vitro micronucleus assays, for a pod system e-cigarette compared with 3R4F reference cigarette smoke. Results and Discussion: Many of the harmful and potentially harmful constituents found in cigarette smoke were not detected in e-cigarette aerosol. Using established in vitro biological tests, e-cigarette aerosol did not display any mutagenic or genotoxic activity under the conditions of test. By contrast, 3R4F cigarette smoke displayed mutagenic and genotoxic activity. E-cigarette aerosol was also found to be *300-fold less cytotoxic than cigarette smoke in the neutral red uptake assay. Conclusion: Data presented here show clear differences between a tobacco cigarette reference product and a commercially available nontobacco containing e-cigarette product in terms of emissions and in vitro toxicity profile. Our results demonstrate that high-quality e-cigarettes and e-liquids may offer the potential for substantially reduced exposure to cigarette toxicants in adult smokers who use such products as alternatives to cigarettes.

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Chemical characterisation of aerosols emitted by electronic cigarettes using thermal desorption–gas chromatography–time of flight mass spectrometry

Cited by 52 publications

References 16 publications

Vaping: The new wave of nicotine addiction

Vaping: The new wave of nicotine addiction

Developmental toxicity of e‐cigarette aerosols

Chemical Composition and In Vitro Toxicity Profile of a Pod-Based E-Cigarette Aerosol Compared to Cigarette Smoke

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