Chemical characterisation of iron in dust and biomass burning aerosols during AMMA-SOP0/DABEX: implication for iron solubility

París, R.; Desboeufs, Karine; Formenti, Paola; Nava, S.; Chou, Charles C.-K.

doi:10.5194/acp-10-4273-2010

Cited by 117 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Clearly, field measurements of the iron fraction in the fine particles are needed to improve the estimate of iron deposition from the intense forest fires to the ocean. Moreover, the iron solubility observed for minerals in biomass burning aerosols varies by more than an order of magnitude from 0.5 % to 17.7 % (Guieu et al, 2005;Bowie et al, 2009;Paris et al, 2010). Since soluble iron has a residence time of months to years in the surface mixed layer, there may be long-term biological effects triggered by the initial rapid dissolution of the aerosol iron (Boyd and Ellwood, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since iron from combustion sources is suggested to be more soluble than iron from dust (Chuang et al, 2005;Sedwick et al, 2007;Sholkovitz et al, 2009), biomass burning may have a pronounced effect on regional ocean fertilization (Guieu et al, 2005;Bowie et al, 2009;Paris et al, 2010). However, Guieu et al (2005) have concluded that pyrogenic inputs have little impact on the global iron budget since they represent at most 10 % of desert dust inputs.…”

Section: A Ito: Mega Fire Emissions In Siberiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mega fire emissions in Siberia: potential supply of bioavailable iron from forests to the ocean

Ito

2011

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Significant amounts of carbon and nutrients are released to the atmosphere due to large fires in forests. Characterization of the spatial distribution and temporal variation of the intense fire emissions is crucial for assessing the atmospheric loadings of trace gases and aerosols. This paper discusses issues of the representation of forest fires in the estimation of emissions and the application to an atmospheric chemistry transport model (CTM). The potential contribution of forest fires to the deposition of bioavailable iron (Fe) into the ocean is highlighted, with a focus on mega fires in eastern Siberia.Satellite products of burned area, active fire, and land cover are used to estimate biomass burning emissions in conjunction with a biogeochemical model. Satellite-derived plume height from MISR is used for the injection height of boreal forest fire emissions. This methodology is applied to quantify fire emission rates in each three-dimensional grid location in the high latitude Northern Hemisphere (>30 • N latitude) over a 5-yr period from 2001 to 2005. There is large interannual variation in forest burned area during 2001-2005 (13-49 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 ) which results in a corresponding variation in the annual emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) (14-81 Tg CO yr −1 ). Satellite observations of CO column from MOPITT are used to evaluate the model performance in simulating the spatial distribution and temporal variation of the fire emissions. The model results for CO enhancements due to eastern Siberian fires are in good agreement with MOPITT observations. These validation results suggest that the model using emission rates estimated in this Correspondence to: A. Ito (akinorii@jamstec.go.jp) work is able to describe the interannual changes in CO due to intense forest fires.Bioavailable iron is derived from atmospheric processing of relatively insoluble iron from desert sources by anthropogenic pollutants (mainly sulfuric acid formed from oxidation of SO 2 ) and from direct emissions of soluble iron from combustion sources. Emission scenarios for IPCC AR5 report (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Fifth Assessment Report) suggest that anthropogenic SO 2 emissions are suppressed in the future to improve air quality. In future warmer and drier climate, severe fire years such as 2003 may become more frequent in boreal regions. The fire emission rates estimated in this study are applied to the aerosol chemistry transport model to examine the relative importance of biomass burning sources of soluble iron compared to those from dust sources. The model reveals that extreme fire events contribute to a significant deposition of soluble iron (20-40 %) to downwind regions over the western North Pacific Ocean, compared to the dust sources with no atmospheric processing by acidic species. These results suggest that the supply of nutrients from large forest fires plays a role as a negative biosphere-climate feedback with regards to the ocean fertilization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Ito: Mega Fire Emissions In Siberiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mega fire emissions in Siberia: potential supply of bioavailable iron from forests to the ocean

Ito

2011

Biogeosciences

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“…They are assumed to be externally mixed with other aerosols in all of the size bins. We note that, however, internal mixing between dust and biomass burning particles may enhance the combustioniron solubility (Paris et al, 2010), but the process is still not well known.…”

Section: Iron Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of dust alkalinity in acid mobilization of iron

2010

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Abstract. Atmospheric processing of mineral aerosols by acid gases (e.g., SO 2 , HNO 3 , N 2 O 5 , and HCl) may play a key role in the transformation of insoluble iron (Fe in the oxidized or ferric (III) form) to soluble forms (e.g., Fe(II), inorganic soluble species of Fe(III), and organic complexes of iron). On the other hand, mineral dust particles have a potential of neutralizing the acidic species due to the alkaline buffer ability of carbonate minerals (e.g., CaCO 3 and MgCO 3 ). Here we demonstrate the impact of dust alkalinity on the acid mobilization of iron in a three-dimensional aerosol chemistry transport model that includes a mineral dissolution scheme. In our model simulations, most of the alkaline dust minerals cannot be entirely consumed by inorganic acids during the transport across the North Pacific Ocean. As a result, the inclusion of alkaline compounds in aqueous chemistry substantially limits the iron dissolution during the long-range transport to the North Pacific Ocean: only a small fraction of iron (<0.2%) dissolves from hematite in the coarse-mode dust aerosols with 0.45% soluble iron initially. On the other hand, a significant fraction of iron (1-2%) dissolves in the fine-mode dust aerosols due to the acid mobilization of the iron-containing minerals externally mixed with carbonate minerals. Consequently, the model quantitatively reproduces higher iron solubility in smaller particles as suggested by measurements over the Pacific Ocean. It implies that the buffering effect of alkaline content in dust aerosols might help to explain the inverse relationship between aerosol iron solubility and particle size. We also demonstrate that the iron solubility is sensitive to the chemical specification of iron-containing minerals in dust. Compared with the dust sources, soluble iron from combustion sources contributes to a relatively marginal effect for deCorrespondence to: A. Ito (akinorii@jamstec.go.jp) position of soluble iron over the North Pacific Ocean during springtime. Our results suggest that more comprehensive data for chemical specificity of iron-rich dust is needed to improve the predictive capability for size-segregated soluble iron particles.

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“…On a global scale, the large variability in the observed fractional iron solubility results, in part, from a mixture of different aerosol sources. Estimates of fractional iron solubility from fire combustion (1-60 %) are thought to be greater than those originating from mineral dust (1-2 %; Chuang et al, 2005;Guieu et al, 2005;Sedwick et al, 2007) and may vary in relation to biomass and fire characteristics as well as that of the underlying terrain (Paris et al, 2010;Ito, 2011). Iron associated with BB may provide information with respect to BB inputs of iron to the ocean (Giglio et al, 2013;e.g.…”

Section: Biomass Burning Aerosol Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass burning emissions in north Australia during the early dry season: an overview of the 2014 SAFIRED campaign

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The SAFIRED (Savannah Fires in the Early Dry Season) campaign took place from 29 May until 30 June 2014 at the Australian Tropical Atmospheric Research Station (ATARS) in the Northern Territory, Australia. The purpose of this campaign was to investigate emissions from fires in the early dry season in northern Australia. Measurements were made of biomass burning aerosols, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic carbons, greenhouse gases, radon, speciated atmospheric mercury and trace metals. Aspects of the biomass burning aerosol emissions investigated included; emission factors of various species, physical and chemical aerosol properties, aerosol aging, micronutrient supply to the ocean, nucleation, and aerosol water uptake. Over the course of the month-long campaign, biomass burning signals were prevalent and emissions from several large single burning events were observed at ATARS.Biomass burning emissions dominated the gas and aerosol concentrations in this region. Dry season fires are extremely frequent and widespread across the northern region of Australia, which suggests that the measured aerosol and gaseous emissions at ATARS are likely representative of signals across the entire region of north Australia. Air mass forward trajectories show that these biomass burning emissions are carried north-west over the Timor Sea and could influence the atmosphere over Indonesia and the tropical atmosphere over the Indian Ocean. Here we present characteristics of the biomass burning observed at the sampling site and provide an overview of the more specific outcomes of the SAFIRED campaign.

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Chemical characterisation of iron in dust and biomass burning aerosols during AMMA-SOP0/DABEX: implication for iron solubility

Abstract: Abstract. The chemical composition and the soluble fraction were determined in aerosol samples collected during flights of AMMA-

Cited by 117 publications

References 45 publications

Mega fire emissions in Siberia: potential supply of bioavailable iron from forests to the ocean

Mega fire emissions in Siberia: potential supply of bioavailable iron from forests to the ocean

Role of dust alkalinity in acid mobilization of iron

Biomass burning emissions in north Australia during the early dry season: an overview of the 2014 SAFIRED campaign

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