“…The suggested biosynthesis and decomposition pathways of the different types of phytocannabinoid acids are summarized in Fig. 1 19 – 28 . In general, CBG, Δ 9 -THC, CBD and CBC phytocannabinoid subclasses are biosynthesized in Cannabis plants, while the remaining six subclasses are probably the result of decomposition either in the plant or due to poor storage conditions following harvest.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(±)- trans / cis -cannabitriolic acid (CBTA, 19 ) isomers are the hydroxylated forms of Δ 9 -THCA with two additional hydroxyl groups at different positions. Figure 1 Phytocannabinoid biosynthesis and degradation routes and products according to the literature 19 – 28 . The most prevalent acid components are presented for each type of phytocannabinoid.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Phytocannabinoid biosynthesis and degradation routes and products according to the literature 19 – 28 . The most prevalent acid components are presented for each type of phytocannabinoid.…”
Most clinical studies of Cannabis today focus on the contents of two phytocannabinoids: (-)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), regardless of the fact that the plant contains over 100 additional phytocannabinoids whose therapeutic effects and interplay have not yet been fully elucidated. This narrow view of a complex Cannabis plant is insufficient to comprehend the medicinal and pharmacological effects of the whole plant. In this study we suggest a new ESI-LC/MS/MS approach to identify phytocannabinoids from 10 different subclasses, and comprehensively profile the identified compounds in diverse medical Cannabis plants. Overall, 94 phytocannabinoids were identified and used for profiling 36 of the most commonly used Cannabis plants prescribed to patients in Israel. In order to demonstrate the importance of comprehensive phytocannabinoid analysis before and throughout medical Cannabis clinical trials, treatments, or experiments, we evaluated the anticonvulsant effects of several equally high-CBD Cannabis extracts (50% w/w). We found that despite the similarity in CBD contents, not all Cannabis extracts produced the same effects. This study’s approach for phytocannabinoid profiling can enable researchers and physicians to analyze the effects of specific Cannabis compositions and is therefore critical when performing biological, medical and pharmacological-based research using Cannabis.
“…The suggested biosynthesis and decomposition pathways of the different types of phytocannabinoid acids are summarized in Fig. 1 19 – 28 . In general, CBG, Δ 9 -THC, CBD and CBC phytocannabinoid subclasses are biosynthesized in Cannabis plants, while the remaining six subclasses are probably the result of decomposition either in the plant or due to poor storage conditions following harvest.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(±)- trans / cis -cannabitriolic acid (CBTA, 19 ) isomers are the hydroxylated forms of Δ 9 -THCA with two additional hydroxyl groups at different positions. Figure 1 Phytocannabinoid biosynthesis and degradation routes and products according to the literature 19 – 28 . The most prevalent acid components are presented for each type of phytocannabinoid.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Phytocannabinoid biosynthesis and degradation routes and products according to the literature 19 – 28 . The most prevalent acid components are presented for each type of phytocannabinoid.…”
Most clinical studies of Cannabis today focus on the contents of two phytocannabinoids: (-)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), regardless of the fact that the plant contains over 100 additional phytocannabinoids whose therapeutic effects and interplay have not yet been fully elucidated. This narrow view of a complex Cannabis plant is insufficient to comprehend the medicinal and pharmacological effects of the whole plant. In this study we suggest a new ESI-LC/MS/MS approach to identify phytocannabinoids from 10 different subclasses, and comprehensively profile the identified compounds in diverse medical Cannabis plants. Overall, 94 phytocannabinoids were identified and used for profiling 36 of the most commonly used Cannabis plants prescribed to patients in Israel. In order to demonstrate the importance of comprehensive phytocannabinoid analysis before and throughout medical Cannabis clinical trials, treatments, or experiments, we evaluated the anticonvulsant effects of several equally high-CBD Cannabis extracts (50% w/w). We found that despite the similarity in CBD contents, not all Cannabis extracts produced the same effects. This study’s approach for phytocannabinoid profiling can enable researchers and physicians to analyze the effects of specific Cannabis compositions and is therefore critical when performing biological, medical and pharmacological-based research using Cannabis.
“…For this reason the con sumption of cannabis products is usually preceded by their thermal treatment (smoking, vaporizing, boiling of extracts, cooking of cakes with cannabis addition, etc.). The final product of THCA and Δ 9 THC transforma tion is CBN [9,11,12]. Longer storage and drying of cannabis also result in the transformation of Δ 9 THC in to CBN [7][8][9][10].…”
The presented study discusses the difference in the results of estimation of Δ 9 tetrahydrocannab inol (THC), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) and cannabinol (CBN) amount in Cannabis sativa L., using long lasting liquid extraction in the Soxhlet apparatus and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) as sam ple preparation methods in the analytical procedure. THC amounts extracted in the PLE process using n hexane or methanol are very similar. THCA amounts extracted in the PLE process using n hexane are gen erally greater than those extracted in the Soxhlet apparatus but smaller when methanol is applied in the PLE process. The obtained results evidently show that the mutual transformations of THCA, THC and CBN occur not only during Soxhlet extraction but also during short lasting PLE. In the last case, however, they are small. The intensity of the transformation depends on the applied extractant type.
“…Among these various components, terpenes and sesquiterpenes, terpenoids, flavonoids, nitrogenous compounds [4] and, more specifically, a group of terpenophenolic compounds known as cannabinoids have been identified. The four main ones are Δ 9tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabidiol (CBD), but large variations in their amounts and distribution have been found [5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”
A cloud point extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/UV) method was developed for the determination of Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in micellar phase. The nonionic surfactant "Dowfax 20B102" was used to extract and pre-concentrate THC from cannabis resin, prior to its determination with a HPLC-UV system (diode array detector) with isocratic elution. The parameters and variables affecting the extraction were investigated. Under optimum conditions (1 wt.% Dowfax 20B102, 1 wt.% Na2SO4, T = 318 K, t = 30 min), this method yielded a quite satisfactory recovery rate (~81 %). The limit of detection was 0.04 μg mL(-1), and the relative standard deviation was less than 2 %. Compared with conventional solid-liquid extraction, this new method avoids the use of volatile organic solvents, therefore is environmentally safer.
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