Chemical Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Shallow Groundwater in the Lower Reaches of Changhua River Basin, Hainan Island, China

Wang, Dun; Zhang, Lizhong; Pei, Lixin; Li, Xiwen; Yang, Yamin; Chen, Zeheng; Liang, Linde

doi:10.3390/w15193508

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Groundwater chemistry components can indicate the runoff path of groundwater, reflect the characteristics of groundwater flow, and identify the chemical characteristics, water quality characteristics and formation mechanism of groundwater in the study area [11,12]. For the study of groundwater chemical characteristics and controlling factors, the more mature approach is to combine the hydrogeochemical theory with multivariate statistical analysis to analyze the controlling factors and sources of genesis [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Quality Evaluation of Groundwater in Jinta Basin, Northwest China

Wang,

Han,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Water

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The ecological environment of the northwest inland basin is fragile. The groundwater environment is a crucial influencing factor for the harmonious and sustainable development of the local social economy and the ecological environment. It is significant to investigate the groundwater chemical characteristics, water quality, and the factors that influence groundwater chemistry for groundwater resources development and construction of the ecological environment. In this study, the Jinta Basin (JB), Gansu Province, was the selected study area. Three hundred and fifty groups of shallow groundwater samples in the JB were collected and analyzed, and the characteristics and controlling factors of groundwater were determined by using Piper diagram, Gibbs plot, ion ratio relationship, and factor analysis. Single index evaluation method, comprehensive evaluation method, and entropy-weighted water quality index method were used to evaluate the water quality of the groundwater. The results indicated that the shallow pore water in the JB was alkaline as a whole; the ranges of total dissolved solids (TDS) in the Beidahe River impact area (BIA), the transition area (TA) and the Heihe River impact area (HIA) were 328.4–12,400 mg·L−1, 372.70–3774.0 mg·L−1, and 366.30–75,200.0 mg·L−1, respectively; the major anions and cations of the shallow pore water were SO42−/Cl− and Mg2+/Na+, respectively. The Piper diagram illustrated that the hydrochemical type of groundwater in the JB were mainly HCO3·SO4-Mg type, SO4·HCO3-Mg type, SO4-Mg·Na type, SO4·Cl-Na·Mg type, and Cl-Na type. The overall water quality of the shallow groundwater in the JB was relatively poor, mainly falling into Class IV-V water quality. Sulfate, total hardness (TH), TDS, chloride and sodium were the main influencing factors of water quality. The chemical characteristics of groundwater in the JB were controlled by a variety of natural factors, including rock weathering, evaporative concentration, and cation exchange, among which the main controlling factors of shallow pore water were leaching, evaporative concentration and anthropogenic activities (contribution rate of 73.94%), and sulfate rock and carbonate rock dissolution (contribution rate of 14.91%).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Quality Evaluation of Groundwater in Jinta Basin, Northwest China

Wang,

Han,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Water

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“…Kazakis and Voudouris [16] utilized an improved version of the DRASTIC method, integrating quantitative parameters and modifying the category range and final index of parameters to assess the vulnerability and pollution risk of porous aquifers to nitrate. Among the numerous studies on nitrate pollution in groundwater, hydrochemical, isotopic, and multivariate statistical methods are the most commonly used methods [7,26,27,31,32]. However, these studies mostly focus on cities located in plains, and there is a lack of research on cities located in river valleys [12,14,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Nitrate Contamination in Arid Areas of Haidong

Liang,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2023

Water

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With the rapid development of cities in northwest China, there has been an increasing focus on groundwater pollution in plateau cities, specifically the common occurrence of nitrate pollution. The special climatic, geological, and geomorphological characteristics of plateau and river valley cities contribute to distinct groundwater chemical characteristics. Therefore, the formation and evolution process of groundwater nitrate contamination differs from that of plain cities. To explore these issues, we conducted an analysis of eight major ions in various groups of water samples obtained from rivers, springs, and groundwater in Haidong. By utilizing factor analysis and correlation analysis, we were able to identify the characteristics and formation of groundwater chemistry and nitrate pollution in Haidong. Our findings reveal that the chemical characteristics of groundwater in Haidong are primarily controlled by rock weathering, mineral dissolution, and evaporation, leading to the formation of highly mineralized groundwater. Additionally, the excessive nitrate content in certain areas is a result of domestic sewage discharge and agricultural fertilizer use, exceeding Chinese drinking water health standards. Furthermore, for cities located in valleys, the geological structure significantly impacts the nitrate content of groundwater in different regions. Areas with obstructed groundwater flow tend to have higher nitrate levels, whereas regions with unobstructed groundwater experience lower nitrate concentrations. Notably, shallow groundwater is more vulnerable to nitrate pollution compared to deep groundwater. This study holds great significance in understanding the chemical characteristics of groundwater and the formation and evolution of nitrate pollution in highland river valley cities.

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Chemical Characteristics and Mechanisms of Nitrate Contamination of Groundwater in Valley Cities in Arid Areas

Liang,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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With the rapid development of cities in northwest China, there has been an increasing focus on groundwater pollution in plateau cities, specifically the common occurrence of nitrate pollution. The special climatic, geological, and geomorphological characteristics of plateau and river valley cities contribute to distinct groundwater chemical characteristics. Therefore, the formation and evolution process of groundwater nitrate contamination differs from that of plain cities. To explore these issues, we conducted an analysis of eight major ions in various groups of water samples from rivers, springs, and groundwater in Haidong. By utilizing factor analysis and correlation analysis, we were able to identify the characteristics and formation of groundwater chemistry and nitrate pollution in Haidong. Our findings reveal that the chemical characteristics of groundwater in Haidong are primarily controlled by rock weathering, mineral dissolution, and evaporation, leading to the formation of highly mineralized groundwater. Additionally, the excessive nitrate content in certain areas is a result of domestic sewage discharge and agricultural fertilizer use, exceeding Chinese drinking water health standards. Furthermore, for cities located in valleys, the geological structure significantly impacts the nitrate content of groundwater in different regions. Areas with obstructed groundwater flow tend to have higher nitrate levels, while regions with unobstructed groundwater experience lower nitrate concentrations. Notably, shallow groundxwater is more vulnerable to nitrate pollution compared to deep groundwater. This study holds great significance in understanding the chemical characteristics of groundwater and the formation and evolution of nitrate pollution in highland river valley cities.

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Chemical Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Shallow Groundwater in the Lower Reaches of Changhua River Basin, Hainan Island, China

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Quality Evaluation of Groundwater in Jinta Basin, Northwest China

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Quality Evaluation of Groundwater in Jinta Basin, Northwest China

Groundwater Nitrate Contamination in Arid Areas of Haidong

Chemical Characteristics and Mechanisms of Nitrate Contamination of Groundwater in Valley Cities in Arid Areas

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