Chemical Characteristics of Major Inorganic Ions in PM2.5 Based on Year-Long Observations in Guiyang, Southwest China—Implications for Formation Pathways and the Influences of Regional Transport

Xiao, H.; Xiao, Huayun; Zhang, Zhongyi; Zheng, Nengjian; Li, Qin-kai; Li, Xiaodong

doi:10.3390/atmos11080847

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The sample from each filter was then extracted with Milli‐Q water using ultrasonication and centrifugation. Ion chromatography (Dionex Aquion, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) was used to determine the concentrations of major water‐soluble ions (e.g., SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , and NH 4 + ) in the PM 2.5 , as described elsewhere (Xiao, Xiao, et al., 2020; Xiao et al., 2022). Absorbent samples of NH 3 from different emission sources need to be transferred to centrifuge tubes and sealed for freezing at the end of sampling.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of NH₄⁺ in PM_2.5 and Their Seasonal Variations in Urban Tianjin China: New Insights From the Seasonal δ¹⁵N Values of NH₃ Source

Xiao,

Ding,

2024

JGR Atmospheres

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The stable nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N) has been widely used to quantify sources of ammonium (NH4+) in PM2.5. However, the overlap and uncertainty in δ15N values from different NH3 sources, coupled with their seasonal variability, hinder accurate identification of NH4+ source. Here, the δ15N values of various NH3 source samples collected by the active sampler were determined. Subsequently, we measured the δ15N values of NH4+ in PM2.5, which were collected seasonally in Tianjin. We found that the combustion‐related NH3 (c‐NH3) exhibiting higher δ15N values compared to volatile NH3 (v‐NH3), but all δ15N values was fell within the range reported by previous studies. Furthermore, inconsistent seasonal variations were observed in the δ15N‐NH3 values originating from emissions of agricultural soil and human excreta. The application of the Bayesian isotope mixing model (MixSIAR model) revealed a significant increase in the contribution of v‐NH3 to NH4+ when incorporating current source data, as opposed to previous data, for δ15N of NH3 source. Notably, the contribution of v‐NH3 (53.1%) to NH4+ was almost equivalent to that of c‐NH3 (46.9%) when considering the seasonal δ15N signatures of NH3 source. Additionally, the estimated contribution of v‐NH3 to NH4+ exhibited significant seasonal variability, which is more reasonable than in the non‐seasonal scenario. This study demonstrated that v‐NH3 and c‐NH3 contributed to NH4+ in PM2.5 in Tianjin almost equally, and it is highlighted that the seasonal δ15N values of NH3 sources should be considered when estimating the contributions of different NH3 sources to NH4+ in PM2.5 by the MixSIAR model.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of NH₄⁺ in PM_2.5 and Their Seasonal Variations in Urban Tianjin China: New Insights From the Seasonal δ¹⁵N Values of NH₃ Source

Xiao,

Ding,

2024

JGR Atmospheres

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“…4 for about 20-70% of PM2.5 (Xiao et al, 2020). Among the ions, NH4 + , NO3and SO4 2are the main components of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIAs).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporospatial Variation, Chemical Composition, and Source Resolution of PM2.5 in the Southeastern Taiwan Island

Yuan

Ceng

Yen

et al. 2023

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study investigated the temporospatial variation, chemical composition, and source resolution of fine particles (PM2.5) in the southeastern seas of the Taiwan Island. 24-hr PM2.5 was sampled simultaneously at two remote sites, the Green Island (West Pacific Ocean; WPO) and the Kenting Peninsula (northern Bashi Channel; BC), in four seasons. After sampling, the chemical fingerprints of PM2.5 were characterized and further applied to resolve the potential sources of PM2.5 and their contribution by using a receptor model on the basis of chemical mass balance (CMB), enrichment factor (EF), and backward trajectory simulation. It showed that PM2.5 concentrations in winter (10.8 μg m -3 ) and spring (12.0 μg m -3 ) (i.e., during the period of Asian Northeastern Monsoons; ANMs) were higher than those in summer (4.0 μg m -3 ) and fall (6.6 μg m -3 ). In terms of chemical composition of PM2.5, secondary inorganic aerosols (SIAs = NO3 -, SO4 2-, and NH4 + ) (56.7~67.2%) were the dominant component of water-soluble ions (WSIs) in PM2.5, while crustal elements (Mg, Al, Ca, Fe, and K) (44.0~61.2%) dominated the metallic contents in PM2.5. High EF values (> 10) showed that V, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn were potentially contributed from anthropogenic sources. Moreover, organic carbon (OC) (0.6 μg m -3 ) was superior to elemental carbon (EC) (0.3 μg m -3 ) in PM2.5. The OC/EC ratios higher than 2.0 showed the potential chemical formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in the atmosphere in winter and spring. Trajectory simulation indicated that high PM2.5 concentrations were mostly originated from North and Central China, Japan islands, and Korea Peninsula. Major sources of PM2.5 resolved by CMB receptor modeling were ordered as: sea salts (19.9%) > fugitive dust (19.8%) > industrial boilers (oil-fired) (10.8%) > secondary sulfate (9.8%) > mobile sources (8.0%).

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“…든 계절이 NH 4 -rich 조건이었으며, 대기 중 추가적인 무 기 가스의 공급과 변화는 PM 1 무기성분의 2차 생성에 영 향을 줄 수 있을 것으로 판단된다 33). Table 5에 정리하여 그 특성을 살펴보았다.…”

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Characteristics of Seasonal PM1 Chemical Components in the urban area of Ansan

Park,

Kim,

Shin

et al. 2023

J Environ Anal Health Toxicol

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In this study, chemical properties of particulate matter (PM1) present in the urban area of Ansan in 2021 were analyzed using a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). Intensive observation was conducted during the measurement periods of spring (22 days), summer (29 days), autumn (60 days), and winter (29 days). High concentrations of PM1 were observed when a wind speed was low (< 0.81 m/s) and a direction of air flow was the east. PM1 concentration was the highest in spring (March), followed by summer (June and August), winter (December), and autumn (September and October). The main components of PM1 were organic, followed by nitrate, ammonium, and sulfate. The ratio of organic oxygen to organic carbon (O/C) was high in summer (0.64) and low in winter (0.51); conversely, the ratio of organic hydrogen to organic carbon (H/C) was higher in winter (1.66) than in summer (1.58). As for the oxidation rates of inorganic components, the nitrogen oxidation rate and sulfur oxidation rate were the highest in spring (NOR, 0.12; SOR, 0.64), which directly affected the rise in PM1 mass concentration in spring. Highly soluble nitrate was the largest component among the inorganic components of PM1, and the PM1 was found to be rich in ammonium in all seasons. PM1mass concentration and chemical composition increased with an increase of relative humidity (RH): the concentration of PM1 in wet conditions (RH > 60%) was found to be more than twice of that in dry conditions (RH < 40%). The largest component of PM1 in Ansan consisted of organic compounds; however, a high proportion of inorganic components, including nitrate, was also recorded.

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Chemical Characteristics of Major Inorganic Ions in PM2.5 Based on Year-Long Observations in Guiyang, Southwest China—Implications for Formation Pathways and the Influences of Regional Transport

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

Sources of NH₄⁺ in PM_2.5 and Their Seasonal Variations in Urban Tianjin China: New Insights From the Seasonal δ¹⁵N Values of NH₃ Source

Sources of NH₄⁺ in PM_2.5 and Their Seasonal Variations in Urban Tianjin China: New Insights From the Seasonal δ¹⁵N Values of NH₃ Source

Temporospatial Variation, Chemical Composition, and Source Resolution of PM2.5 in the Southeastern Taiwan Island

Characteristics of Seasonal PM1 Chemical Components in the urban area of Ansan

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Chemical Characteristics of Major Inorganic Ions in PM2.5 Based on Year-Long Observations in Guiyang, Southwest China—Implications for Formation Pathways and the Influences of Regional Transport

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

Sources of NH4+ in PM2.5 and Their Seasonal Variations in Urban Tianjin China: New Insights From the Seasonal δ15N Values of NH3 Source

Sources of NH4+ in PM2.5 and Their Seasonal Variations in Urban Tianjin China: New Insights From the Seasonal δ15N Values of NH3 Source

Temporospatial Variation, Chemical Composition, and Source Resolution of PM2.5 in the Southeastern Taiwan Island

Characteristics of Seasonal PM1 Chemical Components in the urban area of Ansan

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Product

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Sources of NH₄⁺ in PM_2.5 and Their Seasonal Variations in Urban Tianjin China: New Insights From the Seasonal δ¹⁵N Values of NH₃ Source

Sources of NH₄⁺ in PM_2.5 and Their Seasonal Variations in Urban Tianjin China: New Insights From the Seasonal δ¹⁵N Values of NH₃ Source