Chemical characteristics of PM2.5 at a source region of biomass burning emissions: Evidence for secondary aerosol formation

Rastogi, Neeraj; Singh, Atinderpal; Singh, Darshan; Sarin, M.M.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.09.037

Cited by 135 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A strong linear relationship between K + and OC (R 2 = 0.87) attests that the dominant source of K + is BB over the study region and it can be used as proxy for emissions from BB. The observed chemical composition of PM 2.5 in this study is somewhat similar to that documented in detail by Rastogi et al (2014) using the samples collected from the same site during winter in previous years.…”

Section: Filter-based Chemical Composition Of Pm 25supporting

confidence: 75%

“…Several blank filters were analyzed for all the measured species and species concentrations in each sample were corrected for their respective average blank concentrations. Details of chemical analyses has been reported in our earlier work (Rastogi and Sarin, 2007;Rajput et al, 2011;Rastogi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Filter Sample Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhanced SOA formation is reported during foggy days over the IGP (Kaul et al, 2011). The particulate chemical composition over the IGP is dominated by organic aerosols and, WSOC is a large component of the total OC (Rajput et al, 2011;Rastogi et al, 2014); however, understanding on WSOC (SOA) formation is meager. Online measurements of WSOC offer greater insights in understanding the processes forming SOA during different time of the day (Sullivan et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diurnal Variability in Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation over the Indo-Gangetic Plain during Winter Using Online Measurement of Water-Soluble Organic Carbon

Rastogi

Patel

Singh

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Understanding the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation is among most important topics in the field of aerosol research because its poor understanding leads to large uncertainty in the assessment of aerosol effects on air quality and climate. This study reports the diurnal and temporal variability in SOA formation over a site (Patiala: 30.2°N, 76.3°E, 249 m amsl) located in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) during winter using the first online measurements of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) over India. Online WSOC, measured with particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) connected to total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer, ranged from 0.1 to 99 µg m -3 (avg: 15.6, sd: 9.4) with a considerable day-to-day and within the day variability, and attributed to meteorological conditions and regional sources. Diurnal trends of online WSOC suggest significant SOA formation during 7:00 to 22:00 hrs when sources of SOA precursors are active; and loss of SOA occurs during afternoon when ambient air temperature is at its peak. In parallel to online measurements, filterbased particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) samples were also collected and analyzed for major cations, anions and carbonaceous aerosols. Filter-based PM 2.5 composition suggests that the emissions from biomass burning contribute more to carbonaceous aerosols than those from fossil fuel burning. In spite of this, average primary WSOC was only ~20% whereas secondary WSOC (or SOA) dominated the total WSOC concentration with ~80% contribution. A strong linear relationship between PM 1 and WSOC (R 2 = 0.83, slope = 0.113, intercept = 4.7), suggests that a significant fraction of fine particles are SOA.

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Section: Filter-based Chemical Composition Of Pm 25supporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Filter Sample Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diurnal Variability in Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation over the Indo-Gangetic Plain during Winter Using Online Measurement of Water-Soluble Organic Carbon

Rastogi

Patel

Singh

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The WSIs represent a large fraction in the aerosol mass and have already been suggested to present the ability to form CCN (cloud condensation nuclei) and fog (Rastogi et al, 2014). The secondary inorganic components, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium (SNA), were the most abundant ions in all campaigns (Table 3), which has already been observed in previous studies for this site (Vasconcellos et al, 2011a).…”

Section: Wsi and Trace Elementssupporting

confidence: 65%

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

et al. 2017

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Abstract. São Paulo in Brazil has relatively relaxed regulations for ambient air pollution standards and often experiences high air pollution levels due to emissions of particulate pollutants from local sources and long-range transport of air masses impacted by biomass burning. In order to evaluate the sources of particulate air pollution and related health risks, a year-round sampling was done at the University of São Paulo campus (20 m a.g.l.), a green area near an important expressway. The sampling was performed for PM 2.5 (≤ 2.5 µm) and PM 10 (≤ 10 µm) in 2014 through intensive (everyday sampling in wintertime) and extensive campaigns (once a week for the whole year) with 24 h of sampling. This year was characterized by having lower average precipitation compared to meteorological data, and high-pollution episodes were observed all year round, with a significant increase in pollution level in the intensive campaign, which was performed during wintertime. Different chemical constituents, such as carbonaceous species, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and derivatives, water-soluble ions, and biomass burning tracers were identified in order to evaluate health risks and to apportion sources. The species such as PAHs, inorganic and organic ions, and monosaccharides were determined using chromatographic techniques and carbonaceous species using thermal-optical analysis. Trace elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The risks associated with particulate matter exposure based on PAH concentrations were also assessed, along with indexes such as the benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPE) and lung cancer risk (LCR). High BaPE and LCR were observed in most of the samples, rising to critical values in the wintertime. Also, biomass burning tracers and PAHs were higher in this season, while secondarily formed ions presented low variation throughout the year. Meanwhile, vehicular tracer species were also higher in the intensive campaign, suggesting the influence of lower dispersion conditions in that period. Source apportionment was performed using positive matrix factorization (PMF), which indicated five different factors: road dust, industrial emissions, vehicuPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 11944 G. M. Pereira et al.: Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo lar exhaust, biomass burning and secondary processes. The results highlighted the contribution of vehicular emissions and the significant input from biomass combustion in wintertime, suggesting that most of the particulate matter is due to local sources, in addition to the influence of pre-harvest sugarcane burning.

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“…Further, these emissions get transported to the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea through the IGP and thus, affect regional air quality and marine atmospheric chemistry (Rastogi and Sarin, 2008;Sarin et al, 2010;Kaskaoutis et al, 2014). There are a few studies in literatures which have reported the chemical characteristics of PM 2.5 from the northwest part of India (Rajput et al, 2011;Rastogi et al, 2014;Rajput et al, 2014;Rastogi et al, 2016;Srinivas et al, 2016); however, the study on size-segregated chemical composition of carbonaceous aerosols over northwestern part of the IGP is still lacking in literature. Size distribution of aerosols is a strong indicator in understanding their primary and secondary sources and atmospheric formation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Size-Segregated Characteristics of Carbonaceous Aerosols over the Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plain: Year Round Temporal Behavior

Singh

Rastogi

Patel

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Size-segregated aerosol samples (PM <0.95 , PM 0.95-1.5 , PM 1.5-3.0 , PM 3.0-7.2 and PM >7.2 ) were collected over Patiala (30.33°N, 76.40°E; 250 m amsl), a semi-urban city located in northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) during October, 2012 to September, 2013. These samples were analyzed for carbonaceous aerosols (organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC)) to study their temporal variation, prevailing emission source (s) and secondary formation processes. Annual average of total suspended particulates (TSP) concentration, estimated by adding the aerosol concentrations in different size ranges, was found to be 199 ± 82 µg m -3 , varying from 88-387 µg m -3 with majority of particulate mass found in submicron size (PM <0.95 ). ), respectively over an annual cycle. Highest mass fraction of OC (> 75%) and WSOC (> 80%) was observed in submicron size, suggesting that OC mainly comes from combustion and/or secondary source (s). It has been observed that almost half of OC is secondary. On the other hand, climate forcing agent EC in PM <0.95 varied from 1.1 to 9.8 µg m -3 (4.8 ± 2.2 µg m -3 ). High mass ratios of OC/EC (~1.5-7.2) and WSOC/OC (~0.33-0.68) indicate the relative dominance of biomass burning emission over the study region. Total carbonaceous aerosols account for ~10-59% of submicron particulates mass (PM <0.95 ), indicating that fine particulates are enriched with carbonaceous species. These results have implications to regional climate model development and validation.

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Chemical characteristics of PM2.5 at a source region of biomass burning emissions: Evidence for secondary aerosol formation

Cited by 135 publications

References 25 publications

Diurnal Variability in Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation over the Indo-Gangetic Plain during Winter Using Online Measurement of Water-Soluble Organic Carbon

Diurnal Variability in Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation over the Indo-Gangetic Plain during Winter Using Online Measurement of Water-Soluble Organic Carbon

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

Size-Segregated Characteristics of Carbonaceous Aerosols over the Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plain: Year Round Temporal Behavior

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